Izinto ezibonakalayo ezithinta inqubo yokupakishwa kwesamba esikhulu samabhokisi amakhekhe ekhekhe angokwezifiso
Izinto ezibonakalayo ngokuyinhloko zibhekisela kumthelela womkhiqizo esimeni sawo phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila kwawo. Umsebenzi wokuvikela ngokomzimba wokupakisha inkambiso amakhekhe amabhokisi wholesale ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zobuchwepheshe ukuvikela ukuhamba okuphephile kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokuthulula, ukugcinwa nokuthutha, ukuze imikhiqizo ikwazi ukufinyelela lapho iya khona ngokushelela noma iqedele ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezomshini zomkhiqizo, ukuthola izidingo zokuvikela kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo enemininingwane, kanye nezimo zemvelo ezisebenza ngomshini kanye nomonakalo ngaphambi kokwamukela izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokupakishwa okuthe xaxa kwamabhokisi amakhekhe enziwe ngokwezifiso. Ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo.
Inhloso kanye neqhaza lokuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zemikhiqizo kanye nemishini ihlanganisa izici ezintathu: d ukuthuthukisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokupakisha ezihlosiwe nezingenzeka; @ ukufeza ukumiswa kokupakisha, ukuze imikhiqizo enezakhiwo ezifanayo isebenzise izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokupakisha ezifanayo; ukuhlukahluka kwezinto zokupakisha, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yokupakisha kanye nezindleko zokuphatha, ukunciphisa ukupakisha kanye nezindleko zokuhamba. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zomzimba nezomshini kanye nezici zemikhiqizo kunokuqukethwe okuningi, njengokwakheka kwezinto zomkhiqizo, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo, imikhiqizo ejwayelekile, imikhiqizo ekhethekile nokunye.
1. izici zokwakheka kwempahla yemikhiqizo ethengiswayo yamabhokisi ekhekhe enziwe ngezifiso
Izici zokwakheka kwezinto zomkhiqizo zingezici zemvelo zomkhiqizo, futhi umklami wokupakisha kufanele acabangele kuqala izici zomkhiqizo. Izinto ezihlukene endaweni yangaphandle ngaphansi kwethonya lomonakalo obangelwa izici zomzimba, amakhemikhali, zezulu noma zebhayoloji, indlela yokuwohloka ihlukile, kanye nokulimala komkhiqizo wokupakisha obangelwa ukulimala kwendawo yangaphandle nakho kuhlukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto zomkhiqizo kwenza kube nzima ukukhetha imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, ama-agent avikelayo, izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi, izinto zokugqoka kanye nezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle.
Uhlobo. Ngakho-ke abaklami bokupakisha kudingeka bazi izindlela zokulimala nezonakaliswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ezivame ukusetshenziswa futhi basebenzise lolu lwazi oluyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kokupakisha.
2. Amabhokisi ekhekhe esitolo esidayisa yonke impahla enziwe ngokwezifiso Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba zemikhiqizo.
Yazi izici ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo, klama ukupakisha ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela umkhiqizo kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zomkhiqizo zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuzwela kwamakhemikhali, ukuzwela ngokomzimba, ukuzwela ukumelana, ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izakhiwo zesakhiwo, ubukhulu kanye nekhwalithi, ukususwa, uhlobo lomthwalo, izindleko zomkhiqizo nokunye. 1, Ukuzwela ngokomzimba ukushaqeka, ukudlidliza namanye amathonya angaphandle Ukungqubuzana kungabangela ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ukungasebenzi kahle komkhiqizo. Ngokombono wokupakisha, ukuhlaziywa kobuthakathaka bomzimba bomkhiqizo ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekushaqekeni, ukudlidliza nezinye izici.
Ukulimala, inkundla yemisebe, inkambu ye-electromagnetic, inkambu ye-electrostatic nezinye izinkambu zangaphandle zingalimaza umkhiqizo.
(1)Ubulukhuni bobuso budinga ukuvikelwa okuqinile kobuso bomkhiqizo oqediwe, indawo engangeni manzi, indawo yesibuko esibonakalayo
(2)Ukushaqeka nokudlidliza ukusuka endaweni yokubuka yesibambisi sokwethuka
Ukuvikelwa,amabhokisi amakhekhe enziwe ngokwezifiso I-Wholesaleabaklami bokupakisha kufanele baqonde ngokugcwele izici zomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukuma, usayizi kanye nendawo emaphakathi namandla adonsela phansi, ubukhulu kanye ne-inertia ngokuphathelene ne-eksisi enezinhlangothi ezintathu, ukuthuthwa, indawo yokucindezela, izindawo zokunamathisela kanye nezindawo zokuphakamisa, inani elibuthakathaka, lemvelo. imvamisa, njll.
Inani elibuthakathaka, elibizwa nangokuthi i-brittleness, inani eliphezulu lokusheshisa umkhiqizo ongamelana nalo ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ukusebenza futhi ngokuvamile livezwa njengokuphindaphinda kokusheshisa amandla adonsela phansi, G. Inani le-fragility laziwa nangokuthi i-brittleness. Ithebula 2-1 kuzinga lezempi lase-US i-MIL HDBK 304 libonisa inani elibuthakathaka lomkhiqizo
Lapho inani lomkhiqizo liphezulu, liyakhula ikhono lawo lokumelana namandla angaphandle, okufanele acatshangelwe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuklama. Inani elivumelekile le-brittleness [G inani elivumelekile lokusheshisa lomkhiqizo, elicaciswe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nenani, amandla nokubaluleka komkhiqizo, ongaphansi noma olingana nevelu elimisiwe le-brittleness. Uma udizayina amaphakheji abamba ukushaqeka, ubukhulu bobukhulu bokusheshisa umkhiqizo kufanele bube buncane kunevelu elivumelekile lobuthaka.
(3)Ukuqina kwenkundla yangaphandle kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emikhiqizweni ekhethekile, ngisho nezingozi ezimbi kakhulu.
Okokukhethekileimikhiqizo efana nempahla eyingozi, i-precision electronics neminye imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, abaklami bempahla ethengiswayo yamabhokisi amakhekhe enziwe ngokwezifiso kufanele baqonde ngokugcwele ukuzwela kwabo emandleni enkundla angaphandle futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ezisebenzayo zokupakisha.
3. amandla kanye fragility
Amandla asho ikhono lomkhiqizo lokumelana nokonakala noma ukuphuka. Amandla kanye nokuba ntekenteke komkhiqizo kunquma izidingo nezinga lokuvikelwa kwephakheji. Ngokwamandla nokuba ntekenteke, imikhiqizo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: imikhiqizo entekenteke, imikhiqizo enembayo kanye nemikhiqizo engazweli, kanye nemikhiqizo engazweli ingahlukaniswa ngemikhiqizo engazweli nezimo kanye nemikhiqizo engazweli eqinile. Imikhiqizo entekenteke nenembayo yiyona nto okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu ekuvikelweni kokumunca ukushaqeka.
Ukuhambisana phakathi kwezinto zokwakha nemikhiqizo, kanye nokuhambisana phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene zokupakisha, kubalulekile ekufakweni komkhiqizo.
Ukuhambisana Material Ukupakisha okuningi izinto ezisetshenziswayo (kuhlanganise nezinto zokuvikela) zithintana ngqo nomkhiqizo, futhi izici ezibonakalayo zezinto ezimbili kufanele zihambisane ukuze kugwenywe umphumela womzimba utshwala ovame ukuba nawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziningi zokugudluza zikhiqiza ugesi omile lapho wehlelwa ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, noma ninieyenziwe ngokwezifiso amabhokisi amakhekheagcwele ngobuningi ukuze agweme ukungqubuzana nezinto ezisansimbi. Lapho la mashaji e-electrostatic akha afinyelela endaweni ethile, awakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlansi futhi angase ahehe uthuli noma ezinye izinto.
4. izici zesakhiwo kanye namaphoyinti okuqaqa anquma ukuthi umkhiqizo ulungiswa futhi usekelwa kanjani, kanye nohlobo nenani lama-cushions ebhokisini lokupakisha.
Izingxenye ze-Convex namakhona acijile omkhiqizo zidinga ukuvikeleka okukhethekile, futhi ubukhulu bazo, ubukhulu nokusabalalisa, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi, njll. akuthinti nje kuphela ukukhethwa nokwakheka kwesiqukathi sokupakisha esikhulu samabhokisi amakhekhe enziwe ngokwezifiso, kodwa futhi kuholela ebunzimeni ekuvikeleni. ukupakisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza lula ukupakisha, ukugcinwa nokuthutha, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa umkhiqizo wokupakisha kanye nezokuthutha. Ukubambisana okuseduze nokuxhumana phakathi kwabaklami bemikhiqizo nabaklami bempahla ethengiswayo yamabhokisi amakhekhe enziwe ngokwezifiso kusiza ukuxazulula lobu bunzima. Ngaphambi kokuklama ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo ephathwayo, abaklami bokupakisha badinga ukwazi ukuthi indawo lapho umkhiqizo uzosetshenziswa khona inamathuluzi adingekayo, okokusebenza kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe lokuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza.
5. Layisha uhlobo lwamabhokisi ekhekhe enziwe ngezifiso
Uhlobo lomthwalo lusho ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo kumkhiqizo opakishiwe, okhiqizwa lapho umkhiqizo upakishwa. Ngokusho kohlobo lomthwalo, imikhiqizo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: kulula ukuyilayisha, kunzima ukuyilayisha kanye nomthwalo ophakathi. Imikhiqizo elayisha kalula ibizwa ngemikhiqizo elayisha kalula. Zinokusabalalisa komthamo ofanayo, osayizi abajwayelekile futhi kulula ukupakisha. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa ukupakishwa kwangaphakathi, kwangaphandle kanye nephalethi. Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi omkhiqizo opakishiwe sisesikhungweni sejometri sesitsha sokupakisha. Imikhiqizo okunzima ukuyilayisha ibizwa ngokuthi yimikhiqizo okunzima ukuyilayisha uma ukuminyana kokusabalalisa kungalingani, futhi imikhiqizo enosayizi abangajwayelekile ayikwazi ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele isiqukathi sokupakisha noma ayinayo indawo yokwesekwa echaziwe esitsheni sokupakisha. Uma ukwesekwa okukhethekile nobuchwepheshe bokumisa bungasetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kokupakisha, ukugxila kokucindezeleka kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthulula nokuthutha, okungalimaza ukupakisha. Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi emikhiqizo okunzima ukuyilayisha ngemva kokupakishwa ngokuvamile asikho esikhungweni sejometri sesitsha sokupakisha, futhi isitsha sokupakisha kufanele simakwe ngesikhungo sesithonjana se-gravity ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa ukulayisha okuphephile. , ukuthulula nokuphatha. Izimpahla ezinesisindo esimaphakathi ziphakathi kwezimpahla okulula ukuzilayisha futhi okunzima ukuzilayisha, njengamakani neziphuzo ezisemabhodleleni.
6. Izindleko zomkhiqizo zamabhokisi amakhekhe ekhekhe enziwe ngezifiso
Izindleko zomkhiqizo ziyipharamitha yokuklama ebalulekile ukuze abaklami bokufaka bacatshangelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaklami bokupakisha badinga ukusebenzisa izindleko eziphansi zokupakisha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela umkhiqizo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukhiye noma ingxenye yomkhiqizo obalulekile yonakaliswa, kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu komkhiqizo, futhi izindleko zomkhiqizo ngeke zisaba yisici esibaluleke kakhulu.... Read more
imikhiqizo ejwayelekile futhi eyenziwe ngezifiso Ukwandisa izinga lokupakishwa, imikhiqizo kufanele ihlukaniswe ngezici zomzimba. Imikhiqizo enezici zomzimba namakhemikhali ezifanayo noma ezifanayo njengemikhiqizo ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ibizwa ngemikhiqizo ejwayelekile, futhi le mikhiqizo emisha ivamise ukupakishwa ngokwezindlela ezikhona ezijwayelekile zokupakisha zebhokisi lekhekhe lekhekhe. Imikhiqizo engenazo izinto ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali ezifanayo noma ezifanayo njengemikhiqizo esesigabeni ibizwa ngemikhiqizo yangokwezifiso, futhi le mikhiqizo kufanele ipakishwe ngaphambi kokupakishwa, futhi kufanele kuhlinzekwe imidwebo enemininingwane nezinto zokupakisha.
Imikhiqizo ekhethekile eyenziwe ngezifiso ezitolo ezinkulu emikhiqizweni ekhethekile ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izimpahla eziyingozi kanye nemikhiqizo ye-microelectronic
1. izimpahla eziyingozi
Imikhiqizo eqhumayo, evuthayo, enobuthi, ekhipha imisebe, njll., futhi engabangela kalula izingozi nokulimala kwempahla ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukulayisha, ukuthulula nokugcinwa, futhi edinga ukuvikeleka okukhethekile, ibizwa ngokuthi izimpahla eziyingozi. Indinganiso kazwelonke ye-CB6944 "Ukuhlukaniswa Nokulebula Kwempahla Eyingozi" ihlukanisa izimpahla eziyingozi zibe izigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Inhloso eyinhloko yokupakisha impahla eyingozi iwukuvikela umonakalo ongenzeka ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthulula, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla eziyingozi. Ubunkimbinkimbi bemvelo yezimpahla eziyingozi ngokwazo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezici zemvelo zangaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, i-gunpowder ingase ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto, ezinye zazo eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile. Ezinye zizwela ukushaqeka, ezinye ukungqubuzana, kanti ezinye ukukhanya, ukushisa, ugesi omile, njll. Ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthulula, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa, izici ezihlukahlukene zobungozi zingase zivele phakathi kwezici zemvelo, okudala ubunzima obukhulu ekupakisheni izimpahla eziyingozi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlamvu, isibhamu kanye ne-pyrotechnics embonini yezokuvikela ziyizimpahla eziyingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumane. Ukupakisha okunjalo akumele kuqinisekise ukuphepha komkhiqizo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside, ukuguquguquka kokunyakaza kanye nokusebenziseka kalula komkhiqizo. Ukupakishwa kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi kumele kuhambisane "neMithetho Yokuthwala Izimpahla Eziyingozi Ngamazwe Ngamazwe Ngasolwandle" ekhishwe yiNhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yasolwandle.
Ukulondolozwa.
2.Imikhiqizo ye-Microelectronics
Ama-Microelectronics ayimikhiqizo ekhethekile efana nezingxenye zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe ezinkulu, amabhodi esekethe adidiyelwe kanye nemikhiqizo ethile yokunemba yokuhlanganisa i-optical-mechanical kanye neyokuhlanganisa kagesi. Azigcini nje ngokuzwela umswakama nokugqwala, kodwa futhi nokushaqeka nokudlidliza. Futhi azwela kakhulu kumathonya angaphandle. Izingozi ezihlobene namandla enkambu. Ukuvikela nokuvikela ezinkambu zikazibuthe kagesi, izinkambu ze-electrostatic kanye nezinkundla zemisebe kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kanye nempilo yesevisi yale mikhiqizo. Ukuvikelwa kwengxenye kuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nempilo yonke yedivayisi, futhi lokhu kuvikela kufanele kuphelele futhi kuthembeke. Kuyo yonke inqubo yomkhiqizo, kusukela ezingxenyeni kuya ekuhlanganisweni zibe izingxenye noma izingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye zibe imikhiqizo, noma yikuphi ubudedengu ekuvikelweni kokupakisha kungaba nemiphumela emibi futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
Ukuzwela kokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic kweminye imikhiqizo kagesi evame ukusetshenziswa kuboniswa kuThebula 2-3. Ukuzwela kugesi omile kusho izinga lapho umkhiqizo wonakazwa khona ugesi ongashintshi. Ubukhulu bengozi ye-electrostatic, noma ubunzima bokulimala kwe-electrostatic, kuncike ezingeni lokwakheka okungashintshi (i-electrostatic voltage) kanye nokuba sengozini ye-electrostatic yomkhiqizo ekuphumeni kwe-electrostatic. Uma iphezulu i-voltage ye-electrostatic, mkhulu umonakalo. Uma kuphezulu ukuthambekela kwe-electrostatic komkhiqizo, kuyanda ukuthi ube sengozini yokulimala kwe-electrostatic.
Umkhiqizo opakishiwe ushintsha kuphela izakhiwo zawo ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, ngaphandle kokudala izinto ezintsha. Izinguquko ekumineni, umbala, isicwebezelisi, iphunga, ukuguga, sublimation, volatilization, ukubola, iphuzu ukuncibilika, amandla abilayo, plasticity, conductivity ezishisayo, conductivity kagesi, izakhiwo optical, njll konke kungalinganiswa. Konke lokhu kungalinganiswa ngezinzwa zomuntu ezifana nolimi, ulimi nomzimba, noma ngezinsimbi zokuhlola. Ngaphambi nangemuva kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo emikhiqizweni epakishiwe, uhlobo nemvelo yemikhiqizo epakishiwe akunqunywa. Lapha, sethula ikakhulukazi izinguquko zezifunda ezintathu zamabhokisi amakhekhe amakhekhe athengiswayo enziwe ngokwezifiso, ukungena nokuphuma kwamanzi, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kanye nomshini wokushisa okunamathiselwe, izinguquko ku-electromagnetic kanye ne-optical properties, kanye nezinguquko zemishini (amandla), njll.
Isenzakalo sokuhlakazeka komkhiqizo sixhunyaniswe ne-hygroscopicity, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kanye nephuzu le-hygroscopic. I-Hygroscopicity imele ikhono lomkhiqizo lokumunca nokukhulula umswakama, othinta izici zawo ezingokomzimba, njengezakhiwo zokuvimbela amanzi, izakhiwo zokugoqa kanye nokwakheka kwamabhamuza. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi kumelela impahla yesikhunta ukuthi incibilike emanzini amuncwa futhi ibe uketshezi. Iphuzu le-hygroscopic lichaza inani lomswakamo elihlobene lapho umkhiqizo uqala ukumunca umswakama ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa nezingcindezi. Uma ingcindezi ihlala njalo, njengoba izinga lokushisa elizungezile likhuphuka, iphuzu le-hygroscopic liyancipha kancane kancane, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umkhiqizo ubambe umswakama futhi uncibilike. Nakuba eminye imikhiqizo, njenge-potassium sulfate, i-potassium perchlorate, njll., ine-solubility enhle kakhulu yamanzi, izakhiwo zayo zokumunca zibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke akulula ukuhlakazeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezivamile nezingcindezi. Kukhona nemikhiqizo ethile, njengesikhumba, iphepha, ukotini, isipontshi, iglue yezitini, njll, okuthi, naphezu kokuba ne-hygroscopicity ephezulu, ayincibiliki emanzini ngakho-ke ayincibiliki. Ngenxa yalokho, kulapho kuphela umkhiqizo une-hygroscopicity ephezulu kanye nokuncibilika kahle kwamanzi lapho ungancibilika kancane kancane endaweni enomswakama futhi ekugcineni uhlakazwe ngokuphelele oketshezini. Umswakama ohlobene womoya unomphumela obaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lomkhiqizo lokuncibilika. Uma umswakama ohlobene uphansi kakhulu, ngisho nemikhiqizo encibilika kalula ene-hygroscopicity ephezulu kanye nezindawo zokugeza amanzi akulula ukuhlakazeka, futhi izimo zomswakama ophansi kakhulu, njengezingwadule ezomile, azivumeli umkhiqizo ukuba uhlakazeke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2023
