Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha endaweni kanye nezinsiza
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyisisekelo kanye nesandulela sentuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kazwelonke. Enqubweni yokuvuna impahla, ukukhishwa, ukulungiswa, ukukhiqizwa, ukucubungula, ukuthuthwa, ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhuthaza intuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho kanye nenqubekela phambili yempucuko yabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Iphinde idle amandla amaningi kanye nezinsiza, futhi ikhiphe inqwaba yegesi engcolile, amanzi angcolile kanye nensalela yemfucuza, ingcolisa indawo ehlala abantu. Izibalo ezihlukahlukene zibonisa ukuthi, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kokuminyana okuhlobene kwamandla nezinsiza ezisetshenziswayo kanye nembangela eyinhloko yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwazo kungenye yezibopho eziyinhloko ezibangela ukushoda kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ngokweqile ngisho nokuncipha. Ngokuchuma kwezimpahla kanye nokukhuphuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokupakisha, izinto zokupakisha nazo zibhekene nenkinga efanayo. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje komuntu ngamunye kwezinto zokupakisha emhlabeni kungu-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-600 emfucumfucu ewuketshezi kanye neqinile ekhiqizwa emhlabeni minyaka yonke, imfucuza epakishwayo ilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-16 zamathani, okubalelwa ku-25% womthamo wayo yonke imfucuza yasemadolobheni. I-15% yesisindo. Kuyacatshangelwa ukuthi inani elimangalisayo elinjalo lizoholela ekungcolisweni okukhulu kwemvelo kanye nokumoshwa kwezinsiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, "ukungcoliswa okumhlophe" okubangelwa imfucumfucu yokupakisha epulasitiki engakwazi ukuchithwa iminyaka engu-200 kuya ku-400 kusobala futhi kuyakhathaza.
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Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha endaweni kanye nezinsiza ubonakala ezicini ezintathu.
(1) Ukungcola okubangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza izinto zokupakisha
Ekukhiqizeni izinto zokupakisha, ezinye zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziyacutshungulwa ukuze zenze izinto zokupakisha, kanti ezinye zezinto ezingavuthiwe ziba ukungcola bese zikhishelwa endaweni ezungezile. Isibonelo, igesi elahliwe, amanzi angcolile, izinsalela zemfucuza nezinto eziyingozi, kanye nezinto eziqinile ezingakwazi ukugaywa kabusha, kubangela ukulimala endaweni ezungezile.
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(2) Imvelo engeyona eluhlaza yempahla yokupakisha ngokwayo idala ukungcola
Izinto zokupakisha (kuhlanganise nezinto ezisizayo) zingangcolisa okuqukethwe noma indawo ezungezile ngenxa yoshintsho kumakhemikhali azo. Isibonelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC) inokunganzi kahle kokushisa. Ezingeni elithile lokushisa (cishe 14°C), i-hydrogen ne-chlorine enobuthi izobola, ezongcolisa okuqukethwe (amazwe amaningi avimbela i-PVC njengokupakisha ukudla). Lapho kubaswa, kukhiqizwa i-hydrogen chloride (HCI), okuholela emvuleni ene-asidi. Uma ingcina esetshenziselwa ukupakisha isekelwe ku-solvent, izophinde ibangele ukungcola ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Amakhemikhali e-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) asetshenziswa embonini yokupakisha njengama-ejenti akhipha amagwebu ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki anegwebu ahlukahlukene ayimbangela eyinhloko yokucekela phansi ungqimba lwe-ozone lomoya emhlabeni, okuletha izinhlekelele ezinkulu kubantu.
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(3) Ukumosha izinto zokupakisha kubangela ukungcola
Ukupakisha kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 enani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokupakisha iba yimfucuza. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, udoti oqinile owakhiwe ngokupakishwa kukadoti ulandisa cishe i-1/3 yekhwalithi yemfucuza yasemadolobheni. Izinto zokupakisha ezihambisanayo zidala ukumosheka okukhulu kwezinsiza, futhi izinto eziningi ezingaboli noma ezingaphinde zigaywe kabusha zakha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekile yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi i-tableware yepulasitiki eyigwebu elilahlwayo kanye nepulasitiki elahlwayo. “Ukungcola okumhlophe” okwakhiwa yizikhwama zokuthenga kuwukungcoliswa okubucayi kwemvelo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2022
