abahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-china

Namuhla, amabhokisi asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, futhi izimboni ezahlukene zinezidingo zosayizi abahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizi noma imboni, inani elikhulu lamabhokisi liyadingeka ekwenzeni inzuzo njalo ngonyaka.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina.Ukudala okwangempela nobuntu ekwakhiweni kokupakisha, ihluzo ziyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokusho. Badlala indima yomthengisi, badlulisele okuqukethwe kwephakheji kubathengi ngemiphumela yokubuka, futhi babe nomthelela onamandla wokubuka. Ingadonsa ukunaka kwabathengi futhi ikhiqize isifiso sokuthenga.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Ihluzo zokupakisha zingafingqwa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: ihluzo ezikhonkolo, ihluzo ezingakhonkolo kanye nezithombe ezingabonakali. Zihlobene eduze nokuqukethwe kwephakheji, ukuze izici zomkhiqizo zidluliselwe ngokugcwele. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke ibe nencazelo futhi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa nabantu. Ukubona noma yini futhi ungalindeli ukuthi ibe nanoma yimuphi umphumela kuyoba ukwehluleka okukhulu komklami wokupakisha. Ngokuvamile, uma umkhiqizo ungokomzimba, njengokudla nokuphuza, khona-ke kuzogcizelelwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwehluzo ezikhonkolo; uma umkhiqizo ungokwengqondo kakhulu, kuzosetshenziswa izithombe eziningi ezingabonakali noma ezingakhonkolo.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,ihluzo zokupakisha zihlobene nezethameli eziqondiwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Lapho udizayina ihluzo zokupakisha umkhiqizo, kufanele ukunakekele kahle ukuze imidwebo yokupakisha eklanyelwe ibonwe yinhloso yesikhalazo futhi ufeze inhloso yokufunwa.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha komkhiqizo kungenza abathengi baqonde ngokuqondile okuqukethwe kwephakheji ukuze bakhiqize umthelela wokubukwayo kanye nemiphumela efiswayo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imifanekiso engokomfanekiso noma imifanekiso yezithombe engokoqobo. Isibonelo, emaphaketheni okudla, ukuze kubonakale ubumnandi bokudla, izithombe zokudla zivame ukuphrintwa ephaketheni lomkhiqizo ukuze kujulise umbono ocacile wabathengi nokudala isifiso sokuthenga.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,"Izigcawu ezithinta inhliziyo nemizwa" kusho ukuthi izinto zivusa okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kwempilo kanye nemicabango nemizwa. Isebenzisa imizwelo njengendlela yokuhambisa ukusuka kwenye into iye kwenye, isuka ekubukekeni kwento iye ekubukekeni kwenye. Ngokuvamile, kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezicini zokubukeka komkhiqizo, izici zomphumela womkhiqizo ngemva kokusetshenziswa, ukuphumula nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kanye nezithako zokupakishwa, imvelaphi yomkhiqizo. , indaba nomlando womkhiqizo, izici zendawo yendabuko kanye namasiko kazwelonke Dizayina ihluzo zokupakisha ukuchaza incazelo yomkhiqizo, ukuze abantu bacabange ngokuqukethwe kokupakisha ngemva kokubona ihluzo.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Idizayini yokupakisha enhle kakhulu yenza abantu bayithande, bayidumise, futhi benze abantu bafune ukuyithenga. Le nto eyenza abantu bayithande umphumela ongokomfanekiso ophuma emaphaketheni. Umsebenzi wezimpawu uwukuphakamisa. Nakuba zingadluliseli imibono ngokuqondile noma ngokuqondile, umsebenzi wesiphakamiso unamandla futhi ngezinye izikhathi udlula inkulumo engokoqobo. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kokupakishwa kwekhofi, umfanekiso wokupakisha oshisayo ufanekisela ikhwalithi enephunga elimnandi lekhofi. Kuphinde kufanekisela ukuthi izinsizwa nezintombi ziyiziphuzo ezibalulekile ebudlelwaneni bothando nezinsuku, ukuheha abathengi.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Amazwe ahlukene anokukhethwa okuhlukile kanye nama-taboos ezithombeni zokupakisha: Amazwe amaSulumane avimbela imidwebo yezingulube, izinkanyezi ezinamaphoyinti ayisithupha, iziphambano, imizimba yabantu besifazane, kanye nezithupha njengezithombe zokupakisha, futhi njengezinkanyezi ezinamaphoyinti amahlanu kanye nemifanekiso ecwebezelayo; Abantu baseJapane bakholelwa ukuthi izimbali ze-lotus Kuyinto engathandeki, impungushe inobuqili futhi inobugovu, futhi iphethini ye-chrysanthemum ye-petal eyishumi nesithupha esetshenziswe ku-crest yasebukhosini yaseJapane ayifanele ukupakishwa. Bathanda imibuthano namaphethini okuqhakaza kwe-cherry; amaNgisi aqhathanisa izimbuzi namadoda angalawuleki, futhi abheka amaqhude njengezinto Ezinyanyekayo, izindlovu azinamsebenzi futhi ziyacasula, futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengezithombe zokupakisha, kodwa imidwebo yesihlangu ne-oki iyathandwa; I-Singapore idume umhlaba wonke njengeLion City futhi ithanda izithombe zamabhubesi; ihluzo zezinja zivela eThailand, Afghanistan, Kuyinto engathandeki emazweni amaSulumane eNyakatho Afrika; amaFulentshi akholelwa ukuthi ama-walnuts aneshwa, futhi iphethini ye-spades iwuphawu lokulila; Abantu baseNicaragua nabaseKorea bakholelwa ukuthi onxantathu baneshwa, futhi lezi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengezithombe zokupakisha; abanye abantu eHong Kong babheka inkukhu njengegama elifanayo lezifebe. Ngakho-ke, ayilungele ihluzo zokupakisha zokulala.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina, Ihluke ephepheni, amakhadibhodi kathayela enziwa ngokuqala ukucubungula iphepha lesisekelo likathayela libe yisimo sikathayela, bese usebenzisa i-adhesive ukubopha ubuso kanye nongqimba oluphakathi lukathayela olusuka ezinhlangothini zombili, ukuze ungqimba oluphakathi lwekhadibhodi lube nesakhiwo esingenalutho. Inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nokuqina. Amandla okuqhuma acindezelayo, njll. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezikhethekile, manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi ekupakishweni komkhiqizo, futhi ukuphrinta okuqondile ephepheni likathayela sekuyindlela evamile yokuphrinta yamabhokisi okupakisha.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-United States, amakhadibhodi anothayela anomzimba omncane kakhulu futhi aqine kakhulu ahlala ngokuthula izimakethe zamakhadibhodi anothayela, ngoba anezinto ezibonakalayo ezinhle kakhulu kanye nezindawo zokuphrinta zamakhadibhodi anothayela kanye namakhadibhodi awugqinsi. Uma iqhathaniswa nekhadibhodi eliwugqinsi elivamile, inezici zamandla amahle, amandla aqinile okuphazamisa, ukunwebeka okuhle, ukonga impahla, isisindo esilula, nomthelela omuhle wokuphrinta. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhadibhodi likathayela wendabuko, amakhadibhodi amancane anezici zemitshingo emincane, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukwakheka okuhlangene, okuqinile futhi okuyisicaba, okukhanyayo nokuncane, ukumelana nokucindezela okuhle, futhi kunganyatheliswa ngokuqondile ngomshini wokunyathelisa we-offset. Esikhathini esidlule, yayingaphrintwa kuphela kumapuleti e-flexographic. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yokunyathelisa okuqondile emshinini wokunyathelisa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza yokunyathelisa kuqala bese kuthi i-laminating emshinini wokunyathelisa we-offset yenza inqubo ibe lula, ifinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Amabhodi kathayela asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa uhlobo luka-F (0.75mm), uhlobo lwe-G (0.5mm), uhlobo lwe-N (0.46mm), uhlobo lwe-O (0.3mm), njll., wonke akhiwe izingqimba ezintathu. , okuyiphepha eliphezulu, iphepha eliwumgogodla kanye nephepha elingaphansi. . Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhadibhodi ama-micro-corrugated nawo anezici ezilandelayo:

(1)Amandla aphezulu, angathuthukisa umsebenzi wokuvikela womkhiqizo, futhi anamandla angama-40% kunekhadibhodi eliwugqinsi;

(2)Isisindo esilula, ama-40% alula kunekhadibhodi eliwugqinsi, futhi alula ngo-20% kunekhadibhodi likathayela elifakwe %;

(3)Indawo ebushelelezi, amaphethini amahle, imibala egqamile, nemiphumela eqinile yokubuka.

 

1. Isimiso sokuphrinta kwe-offset kanye nezidingo zakho zokuphrinta amakhadibhodi kathayela

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Njengamanje, izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta amakhadibhodi kathayela zifaka ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic, ukuphrinta kwe-gravure kanye nokuphrinta kwe-offset kwephepha elingaphezulu bese kuba yi-lamination. Phakathi kwabo, ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic yikho okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ukunemba kokuphrinta akuphakeme kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ingaphrinta kuphela amabhokisi amaholoholo ebanga eliphansi, kuyilapho ukuphrinta kwe-gravure nokuphrinta kwe-offset kuyizinqubo zombili zokuphrinta, okungukuthi, ukuphrinta izicubu kuqala bese kuyaphrinta Nakuba ukwelashwa kokubopha kungafinyelela izinga elingcono, inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphrinta kwe-offset ngqo ekhadini likathayela kuyinqubo entsha elandelwa imboni yokupakisha nokunyathelisa. I-KBA Rapida 105 yamanje kanye ne-Manroland 700 kanye ne-900 ingasusa ngokuqondile ukuphrinta ekhadini elincane elinothayela, futhi ikhwalithi yokuphrinta ingafinyelela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha be-hina,Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kusebenzisa umthetho wemvelo wokungaguquki kukawoyela namanzi. Epuletini lokuphrinta elicishe libe endizeni efanayo, isithombe nezingxenye zombhalo zimunca uyinki kuphela, futhi ingxenye engenalutho imunca amanzi kuphela. Isithombe kanye noyinki wombhalo kudluliselwa ku-substrate ngengubo. . Ngenxa yokubuyisela isithombe esiphezulu namandla ayo okukhiqiza umbala, ukuphrinta kwe-offset okwamanje kuyindlela yokuphrinta esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi evuthiwe ngokobuchwepheshe. Njengamanje, ibalwa ngaphezu kwama-50% akho konke ukuphrinta eShayina, ikakhulukazi ukuphrinta kwamaphepha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuphrinta kokupakisha, ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic, ukuphrinta kwe-gravure, nokunyathelisa kwesikrini kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu, kuyilapho ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kanye nenani lokuphrinta kwe-offset kwehlile.

 

Njengamanje, ngenxa yempumelelo yobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-offset bokuphrinta ngokuqondile ephepheni likathayela, inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset izovuselelwa. Emkhakheni wamabhokisi ekhadibhodi we-fiber yendabuko, njengewayini, izinto zikagesi ezincane, izicathulo, amathuluzi e-hardware, i-microelectronics, isofthiwe yekhompiyutha, izibonisi zokuthengisa eziphikisayo, ukudla okusheshayo, njll., ukuphrinta kwe-offset sekuqalile ukuncintisana nezinye izimboni ngenxa yokuphrinta okungcono. izinga. Ikhadibhodi likathayela eliwugqinsi liyaqhudelana ngemakethe.

 

Nokho, isixazululo somthombo sisetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni kwe-offset (isixazululo somthombo sisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukugcina ingxenye engenalutho yepuleti lokunyathelisa ihlanzekile, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko yesixazululo somthombo amanzi), okwenza inqubo yokunyathelisa ye-offset ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuxutshwa kukayinki namanzi kuzokhiqiza i-emulsification ye-inki, okuzokwenza ukuthi ibhodi lephepha limunce amanzi, liwohloke, futhi lishintshe amandla alo, okuzothinta umbala, i-viscosity, nokusebenza komiswe kukayinki. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ibhalansi yeyinki kuba bucayi kakhulu. Uma inani lamanzi likhulu kakhulu, inki izoba ngaphezulu-emulsified, ukomisa kuzoncishiswa, futhi umbala uzoba lula. Ikakhulukazi, ikhadibhodi likathayela lizothatha amanzi amaningi, okuzonciphisa amandla okucindezela kanye namandla angaphezulu, futhi kungase kubangele ngisho nokuwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokunyathelisa.

 

Njengoba ubukhulu bekhadibhodi bukhula, ukuguqulwa kwephepha elingaphezulu kanye nephepha langaphakathi akuhambisani, okwenza ukufaneleka kokunyathelisa kube kubi nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa komthamo wamanzi wokuphrinta okuqondile kwe-offset yamakhadibhodi kathayela kuqinile kunaleyo yokuphrinta iphepha okuvamile. Futhi uma inani likayinki likhulu kakhulu, izinkinga ezinjengokwandiswa kwamachashazi, ukuhlanganisa ungqimba, nokugcotshwa kuzokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ibhalansi ye-inki neyinki kufanele ilawulwe phakathi nenqubo yokunyathelisa, ikakhulukazi inani lamanzi.

 

Ukuphrinta okuqondile kwe-offset ekhadini likathayela kudinga isisindo esilula kunephepha elijwayelekile mayelana nokulawula ingcindezi. Njengoba ikhadibhodi likathayela eliphakathi lingenalutho, uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, amaphutha afana nokunwetshwa kwamachashazi nokuhlanganisa ungqimba azokwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "i-washboard" izokwenzeka, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukuchotshozwa kuzokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kudinga ukunemba kakhudlwana.

 

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zekhadibhodi likathayela, lolu hlobo lomshini wokuphrinta we-offset ngokuvamile lusebenzisa ingubo ekhethekile yenjoloba enokuqina okuhle nobulukhuni obuthile, ukuze ukumelana okuhlukile kokucindezela kwendawo yamakhadibhodi kathayela kunxeshezelwe ngokucindezelwa. deformation kwengubo. ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kokuguqulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuphrinta.

 

2. Umthelela wokuphrinta kwe-offset ekuphrinteni amakhadibhodi kathayela

 

(1) Umthelela emandleni ebhodi likathayela

 

Ukucindezela okukhulu kokuphrinta kwe-offset kuzonciphisa amandla okucindezela amakhadibhodi kathayela; ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo somthombo kuzonciphisa amandla angaphezulu namandla okucindezela amakhadibhodi ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi.

 

(2) Isenzakalo “sebhodi lokuwasha”

 

I-washboard phenomenon iyinkinga yekhwalithi evamile kakhulu ekuphrinteni amakhadibhodi kathayela. Lesi simo singase senzeke uma ingcindezi nevolumu yeyinki ingakwazi ukulawulwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.

 

(3) Ukungalingani kukayinki noyinki

 

Ekuphrinteni kwe-offset, umthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi ukulingana kukayinki noyinki. Ikakhulukazi, amanzi amaningi anomthelela omkhulu ebhodini elifakwe uthayela.

 

(4) I-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity yesisombululo somthombo

 

Uma i-acidity inamandla kakhulu, izonciphisa ukomisa futhi kugqwese ipuleti lokuphrinta; uma i-acidity ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngeke ikwazi ukwenza isendlalelo sokuzivikela se-hydrophilic esisebenzayo engxenyeni engenalutho yepuleti lokuphrinta.

 

(5) Ukusebenza kwendwangu yenjoloba

 

Izakhiwo zengubo zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuwohloka kokucindezela. Izakhiwo ezingaphezulu ziyisiqinisekiso sokumunca uyinki nokudlulisa uyinki, kuyilapho izakhiwo zokuguqula ukucindezela ziyisisekelo sokuthola izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ebhodini likathayela.

 

I-Direct offset printing micro-corrugated cardboard iyinqubo yokuphrinta entsha sha efinyelele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu ngokomphumela wokuphrinta kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta. Ngokuyisisekelo iqhathaniswa nekhwalithi yokuphrinta yephepha. Izoba ibhokisi likathayela wezinga eliphezulu nebhokisi. I-Paperboard, ukukhetha kokuqala kokupakisha, ingaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho ezinkampanini zokupakisha nokunyathelisa, futhi ingenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kokuphrinta kwe-offset esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kuye kwavuselela ukukhanya okukhanyayo ekuthuthukisweni kokunyathelisa kwe-offset.