Umkhwa jikelele utyhala imfuno yentlama yeenkuni, ekulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngomyinge wonyaka we-2.5% kwixesha elizayo.

Umkhwa jikelele utyhala imfuno yentlama yeenkuni, ekulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngomyinge wonyaka we-2.5% kwixesha elizayo.

Ngelixa urhwebo luhlala lugutyungelwe kukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho, iintsingiselo ezisisiseko ziyakuqhuba ngakumbi imfuno yexesha elide yeenjongo ezininzi, eziveliswe ngokuthembekileyo.iibhokisi itshokolethi isipho

Ngo-2022, phantsi kweempembelelo ezimbi zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso enzala kunye nengxabano phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine, ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kuhla. Oku kwakhona kuneempembelelo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo kwimakethi yehlabathi yeenkuni.

"Kunokubakho isiphithiphithi sexesha elifutshane kwimarike yenkuni." utshilo uJohn Litvay, iqabane kwinkampani yokucebisa uBrian McClay & Associates (BMA).itshokolethi emhlophe ibhokisi

Ngokusekwe kuqikelelo lokucotha kokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, i-BMA yehlise uqikelelo lwayo lokukhula kwemarike yenkuni ngo-2022 nango-2023. Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kulindeleke ukuba kube yi-1.7% ngonyaka.

UMlawuli woLawulo lwe-AFRY u-Tomi Amberla uyavuma ukuba ukujonga kwexesha elifutshane kunomngeni kunanini ngaphambili. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukukhula okucothayo koqoqosho kunye nemeko yezopolitiko yehlabathi kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwemfuno yenkuni.ibhokisi yetshokolethi

“Imfuno yePulp iyatshintsha minyaka le. Ichatshazelwa kakhulu luphuhliso lwezoqoqosho jikelele,” utshilo.

ukukhula kwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zithi amathemba okukhula kwexesha elide kwimarike yepulp yeenkuni ayitshintshi.

“Silindele ukuba kule minyaka ili-10 ukuya kwengama-20 izayo, imfuno yenkuni iya kukhula ngomlinganiselo wonyaka we-2.5%. Utshilo uLitvay.

Kuphononongo kunyaka ophelileyo kwi-Federation of Finnish Forest Industries, i-AFRY iqikelele ukuba imarike yeenkuni zehlabathi iya kukhula ngesantya se-1-3% ngonyaka kude kube ngu-2035. U-Amberla uthe uqikelelo lusabambe inyaniso.

U-Oliver Lansdell, umlawuli wenkampani yokubonisana u-Hawkins Wright, uthe umqhubi ophambili wokukhula kwemarike ye-pulp yokhuni kukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwephepha lephepha, ngakumbi kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Uninzi lwephepha lethishu lenziwe ngepulp yentengiso.Iiresiphi zeekeyiki zetshokolethi

"Ekuhambeni kwexesha, silindele ukuba imfuno yephepha lephepha likhule ngesantya se-2% ukuya kwi-3% ngonyaka." Waqikelela.

Indlela eqhelekileyo ixhasa ukukhula kwemfuno

Ukusetyenziswa kwezicubu kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo ne-megatrends efana nokufudukela ezidolophini kunye namandla okuthenga abathengi, ezisakhula, ngakumbi kuqoqosho olusakhulayo.

“Ii-megatrends zehlabathi zixhasa ukukhula kwemfuno yesiseko somthi womthi, ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwebhodi yokupakisha kunye neemveliso zethishu. Oku kuya kubonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima sokukhula kwemfuno yexesha elide. Ewe, kuya kuqhubeka ukubakho ukujikeleza unyaka nonyaka, utshilo u-Amberla.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo wecandelo lemveliso yokukhula ziimveliso zococeko ezenziwe kwithishu, ezifana nephepha langasese, iphepha langasese, kunye neetshefu.ibhokisi yetshokolethi kaWhitman

Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuphuculwa komgangatho wokuphila kwabahlali kuqoqosho olusakhulayo, imfuno yeenkuni ezisekelwe kumaphepha ephepha kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha nazo ziyakhula. Bayanda abathengi abathenga ukutya okupakishiweyo kwiivenkile zegrosari endaweni yokuya kwiindawo zokuthengisela eziqhelekileyo.

Ishishini lokuthenga kwi-intanethi elikhula ngokukhawuleza likwafuna izixhobo zokupakisha ezininzi ukuthutha iimveliso.

Ifayibha yokhuni endaweni yeplastiki

U-Lansdell uthe inguquko eluhlaza kwihlabathi kude nemathiriyeli ekrwada yefosili iqhuba imfuno yenkuni. Izinto ezizezinye kufuneka zihlaziywe kwaye zibe ne-carbon footprint esezantsi. Thatha, umzekelo, ishishini lokupakisha, elikhangela izisombululo zokutshintsha iplastiki kwitafile elahlayo kunye nokupakishwa kokutya.

“Abantu bakwajonge ezinye iindlela zefiber kuneebhotile zeplastiki. Zombini iintsinga ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezintsha ziyafuneka kwezi zicelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo siza kubona izinto ezintsha ezisekwe kwifiber eyenziwe ngamaplanga kule minyaka imbalwa izayo,” utshilo.ibhokisi yesele yetshokolethi

Ukuqhuba olu phuhliso ngumthetho othintela ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezivela kwimithombo yefosili. Ngokomzekelo, i-European Union iye yakuvala ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, kwaye amazwe amaninzi akubekele imiqathango ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki.

U-Litvay wachaza ukuba iintsinga zomthi ezilukiweyo ezisekwe kwiplanga nazo ziyakudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwintengiso yamalaphu yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo.

“Imfuno yeentsinga ezilukiweyo eziveliswe ngokuzinzileyo iya kuqhubeka ikhula njengoko imathiriyeli esekwe kwi-petroleum ithathelwa indawo kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela ezingeyongozi kangako kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ukulinywa komqhaphu kuphantsi koxinzelelo njengoko kusebenzisa amanzi amaninzi kwaye kusebenzisa indawo ekhoyo yokuvelisa ukutya,” utshilo.ibhokisi yokugcina idatha

Iilaphu ezenziwe ngemicu yomthi ziya kwenza impumelelo yazo kwiminyaka ezayo, uyavuma uLansdell.

“IFinland iphambili ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa obutsha. Nangona imveliso isabiza, iindleko ziyehla. Ithuba likhulu. Abathengi, oorhulumente kunye neeNGOs bafuna ezinye iindlela zepolyester kunye nomqhaphu.

Imfuno yazo zonke iimveliso zomthi

Zonke iimveliso zepulp zomthi zinethemba eliqaqambileyo lokukhula kwexesha elide, utshilo u-Amberla.

"I-Megatrends iya kuba nefuthe elihle kwimfuno ye-softwood efakwe ibleached kunye ne-unbleached kunye ne-hardwood pulp."

Ukusetyenziswa okunje ngethishu, izinto zokupakisha kunye nephepha leofisi zifuna i-softwood efakwe ibleached kunye ne-hardwood pulp. Imfuno ye-pulp yokhuni engaxutywanga iqhutywe ngokupakisha, okuyimfuneko ukuthutha izinto zokuthenga kwi-intanethi kunye nokutya.

“Imfuno yentlaka yeenkuni engaxutyushwanga iyanda ngenxa yezithintelo zaseTshayina zokungeniswa ngaphandle kwephepha elisetyenziswe ngokutsha. Kwimveliso yeebhodi zokupakisha, ifayibha entsha kufuneka itshintshwe,” utshilo uLitvay.ibhokisi yorhumo lomhla ebusuku

IGlobal Greening evela kwiFossil Raw Materials

Utshintsho luqhubela phambili imfuno yentlama yeenkuni.

Silindele ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-20 ezayo,

Imfuno yenkuni yeenkuni iya kukhula ngomyinge wonyaka we-2.5%.

 UGqaliselo loHlumo kwiiMarike zaseAsia

 Kwixesha elizayo, i-China iya kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimarike yeenkuni zehlabathi. Isabelo saseTshayina sokusetyenziswa kwepulp yentengiso sinyuke saya kutsho malunga ne-40%.

“Ishishini laseTshayina lamaphepha kunye nelebhodi sele likhulu kwaye liza kuqhubeka likhula kule minyaka imbalwa izayo, kodwa ngesantya esiphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ifayibha yasekhaya eyaneleyo. ” Utshilo uLansdell.ibhokisi yomhla umrhumo

Ukongeza eTshayina, imfuno yenkuni yomthi kwamanye amazwe asakhulayo ikhula. Umzekelo, i-Indonesia, iVietnam, kunye ne-Indiya zonke zineeklasi ezikhulayo eziphakathi, nangona kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso.

I-Indian Paper Manufacturers Association (IPMA) ilindele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwephepha laseIndiya kukhule nge-6-7% kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.

“Kwimimandla yabemi ekhula ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini, kukho umlinganiselo omncinane weenkuni. I-Pulp yentengiso yeyona ndlela yoqoqosho yezixhobo zemveliso yephepha lendawo, kuba akuyonga ukuthutha iimveliso ezinje ngephepha lephepha ukuwela ulwandle. Watsho uAmberla.

Imfuno yehlabathi ye-pulp yomthi nayo iqhutywe kukuhla komthamo we-high-high fiber recycled fiber ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwephepha lokuprinta kunye nokubhala eYurophu naseMntla Melika, waphawula.

"Ekwenzeni iimveliso ezintsha, iphepha elingafumanekiyo elisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka litshintshwe kufakwe ifayibha entsha."

Ukwenyuka kokuguquguquka kwimarike ye-wood pulp

Ukuqikelela amaxabiso entlama yeenkuni akuzange kube lula, kwaye u-Amberla uthe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuzisa imingeni eyongezelelweyo. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu ukuba iTshayina ibe yenye yabathengi abakhulu behlabathi bentlabathi yeenkuni.

“Imarike yaseTshayina yeplanga yeplanga iyaqikelelwa ngokwendalo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwimveliso yalapha ekhaya, ukukhula komthamo waseTshayina wokuvelisa intlama yomthi kuya kwandisa ukuguquguquka. "

Xa amaxabiso amaplanga asekhaya ekrwada kunye neenkuni zamaplanga asuka kumazwe angaphandle ephantsi, kuhlawulelwa ukugcina izixhobo zokusila zisebenza ngokuzeleyo. Kwimeko yezinto ezibiza kakhulu, i-pulp yorhwebo isetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha e-China.ibhokisi yobusuku bomhla

Utshintsho kubonelelo lwehlabathi lwepulp yeenkuni luye lwandise ukuguquguquka kwimakethi yamazwe ngamazwe yokwenziwa kweenkuni. U-Amberla uthe ukothuka konikezelo lwamva nje kuye kwaqatha kunesiqhelo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.

Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uphazamise imveliso kunye nokubonelela ngeefektri ezithile eMntla Melika nakwezinye iindawo. Ukuxinana kumazibuko amakhulu kunye nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina ngamathuba athile nako kuchaphazele ukuthunyelwa kwepulp.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukwachaphazela imarike yenkuni. Iimeko zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga ziye zaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezityalo zokuvelisa eCanada, umzekelo, kunye nezikhukhula kunye nokudilika komhlaba okubangelwa yimvula enkulu kunyaka odlulileyo kwaphazamisa iindlela kunye nomzila wesitimela eBritish Columbia.