Izinto ezibonakalayo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokupakishwa kwehoseyile yeebhokisi zekomityi yesiko
Izinto ezibonakalayo zibhekisa ikakhulu kwimpembelelo yemveliso kubume bayo ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi bayo. Umsebenzi wokukhusela ngokomzimba wokupakisha iibhokisi zekomityi yesiko kwihoseyile kukusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zobugcisa ukukhusela ukuhamba okukhuselekileyo kweemveliso kwinkqubo yokulayisha kunye nokukhupha, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso zifikelele kwindawo yazo ngokufanelekileyo okanye zigqibe ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba uhlalutye ngononophelo ubume bomzimba kunye noomatshini bemveliso, ufumane iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nomonakalo ngaphambi kokwamkela iindlela zetekhnoloji zokupakishwa kweebhokisi zeekeyiki zesiko. Ukupakishwa kweemveliso.
Injongo kunye nendima yohlalutyo lweempawu ezibonakalayo kunye noomatshini beemveliso kubandakanya imiba emithathu: d ukuphuhlisa iindlela zobuchwepheshe obujoliswe kuzo nezinokwenzeka; @ ukufezekisa ukupakishwa komgangatho, ukuze iimveliso ezineepropati ezifanayo zisebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zobuchwepheshe bokupakisha; ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto zokupakisha, ukucuthwa kwemisebenzi yokupakisha kunye neendleko zokuphatha, ukunciphisa ukupakisha kunye neendleko zothutho. Uhlalutyo lweempawu ezibonakalayo kunye noomatshini kunye neempawu zeemveliso zinemixholo emininzi, njengokubunjwa kwezinto zemveliso, iipropathi ezibonakalayo zeemveliso, iimveliso eziqhelekileyo, iimveliso ezikhethekileyo njalo njalo.
I-1.impawu zokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zeemveliso ezithengiswayo zeebhokisi zekeyiki ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Iimpawu zokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zemveliso ziyimpawu zendalo zemveliso, kwaye umyili wokupakisha kufuneka aqale aqwalasele iimpawu zemveliso. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yangaphandle phantsi kwempembelelo yomonakalo obangelwa ngumzimba, iikhemikhali, imozulu okanye izinto zebhayoloji, indlela yokuwohloka ihluke, kwaye umonakalo kwimveliso yokupakisha obangelwa ngumonakalo kwimeko yangaphandle nayo ihluke. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto zemveliso kwenza kube nzima ukukhetha iimveliso zokucoca, ii-agent ezikhuselayo, izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi, izinto zokupakisha kunye nezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle.
Uhlobo. Ke ngoko abaqulunqi bokupakisha kufuneka bawazi umonakalo kunye neendlela zokuthotywa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokukhusela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye basebenzise olu lwazi lusisiseko lwethiyori kuyilo lokupakisha.
2. Iibhokisi zekeyiki zehowuliseli ezilungelelanisiweyo.
Zazi iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeemveliso, yila ukupakishwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nezinye iimfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa. Iimpawu ezisisiseko zemveliso zinokwahlulwa zibe yimvakalelo yeekhemikhali, uvakalelo lomzimba, uvakalelo lokuchasa, ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo, izakhiwo zesakhiwo, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho, ukususwa, uhlobo lomthwalo, ixabiso lemveliso njalo njalo. I-1, Uvakalelo loMzimba ukutshitshisa, ukungcangcazela kunye nezinye iimpembelelo zangaphandle Ukungqubuzana kunokubangela umonakalo womzimba okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemveliso. Ukusuka kumbono wokupakisha, uhlalutyo lobuthathaka bomzimba wemveliso ikakhulu lubhekiselele kumothuko, ukungcangcazela kunye nezinye izinto.
Umonakalo, ibala lemitha, indawo ye-electromagnetic, indawo ye-electrostatic kunye nezinye iindawo zangaphandle zingonakalisa imveliso.
(1)Uburhabaxa bomphezulu bufuna ukukhuselwa okungqongqo komphezulu wemveliso egqityiweyo, umphezulu ongenamanzi, umphezulu wesibuko obonakalayo
(2)Ukothuka kunye nokungcangcazela ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-absorber shock
Ukhuseleko,iibhokisi zekomityi yesikoabaqulunqi bokupakisha kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zemveliso, kubandakanya imilo, ubungakanani kunye nendawo yeziko lomxhuzulane, ubunzima kunye ne-inertia ngokubhekiselele kwi-axis-dimensional-dimensional axis, ukuthuthwa, indawo yoxinzelelo, iindawo zokunamathisela kunye neendawo zokuphakamisa, ixabiso le-fragility, indalo. rhoqo, njl.
Ixabiso le-fragility, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-brittleness, lelona xabiso liphezulu lokukhawulezisa imveliso enokumelana nayo ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo obonakalayo okanye osebenzayo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswa njenge-multiple of acceleration of gravity, G. Ixabiso le-fragility likwabizwa ngokuba yi-brittleness. Itheyibhile 2-1 kumgangatho womkhosi wase-US MIL HDBK 304 ibonisa ixabiso lobuthathaka bemveliso.
Ukuphakama kwexabiso le-brittleness yemveliso, amandla amakhulu okumelana namandla angaphandle, ekufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo ngononophelo ngexesha loyilo. Ixabiso elivumelekileyo lokonakala [G lixabiso elivumelekileyo lokunyusa imveliso, elichazwe ngokwesiseko sezinto ezifana nexabiso, amandla kunye nokubaluleka kwemveliso, engaphantsi okanye elingana nexabiso elimiselweyo lokonakala. Xa uyila ukupakishwa okuxutywayo, ubuninzi be-amplitude yokunyusa imveliso kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwexabiso le-fragility elivumelekileyo.
(3)Ukuqina kwentsimi yangaphandle kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo, kunye neengozi ezinzulu.
YeyodwaIimveliso ezinje ngeempahla eziyingozi, izinto zombane ezichanekileyo kunye nezinye iimveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu, abaqulunqi bempahla ethengiswayo ethengiswayo kwiibhokisi zekeyiki kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo ubuntununtunu babo kumandla angaphandle kwaye bathathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okukhusela ukupakisha.
3. amandla kunye nobuthathaka
Amandla abhekiselele kwisakhono semveliso ukuxhathisa ukonakala okugqithisileyo okanye ukwaphuka. Amandla kunye ne-fragility yemveliso imisela iimfuno kunye neqondo lokukhuselwa kwepakethe. Ngokubhekiselele kumandla kunye nobuthathaka, iimveliso zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: iimveliso ezibuthathaka, iimveliso ezichanekileyo kunye neemveliso ezichasayo, kunye neemveliso ezixhathisayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso eziguquguqukayo ezixhathisayo kunye neemveliso eziqinileyo. Iimveliso ezinqabileyo kunye nezichanekileyo zezona zigqaliselo zokukhusela i-shock absorber.
Ukuhambelana phakathi kwemathiriyeli kunye neemveliso, kunye nokuhambelana phakathi kwezinto zokupakisha ezahlukeneyo, zibalulekile ekupakishweni kwemveliso.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo Ukupakishwa okuninzi izinto (kubandakanywa izinto zokukhusela) zidibene ngokuthe ngqo kunye nemveliso, kwaye iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezixhobo ezimbini kufuneka zihambelane nokuphepha umphumo womzimba odla ngokubakho utywala. Ukongeza, izinto ezininzi zokuthambisa zivelisa umbane ongatshintshiyo xa ziphantsi komothuko kunye nokungcangcazela, okanye xaeyenzelwe wena iibhokisi zekeyikizipakishwe ngobuninzi ukunqanda ukukhuhlana ngemathiriyeli yentsimbi. Xa ezi ntlawulo ze-electrostatic zisakha ukuya kwindawo ethile, azikwazi ukuvelisa iintlantsi kwaye zinokutsala uthuli okanye ezinye izinto.
4. Iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye namanqaku okuchithwa kugqiba indlela imveliso ezinzileyo kwaye ixhaswa ngayo, kunye nohlobo kunye nobuninzi bee-cushions kwibhokisi yokupakisha.
Iindawo zeConvex kunye neekona ezibukhali zemveliso zifuna ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo yazo, ubunzima kunye nokusabalalisa, iziko lomxhuzulane, njl. ukupakishwa. Ukongezelela, ukuququzelela ukupakisha, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukwahlula imveliso yokupakisha kunye nezothutho. Intsebenziswano esondeleleneyo kunye nolungelelwaniso phakathi kwabayili bemveliso kunye nabayili bopakisho lwehoseyile yeebhokisi zekeyiki ezilungiselelweyo kunceda ukusombulula obu bunzima. Ngaphambi kokuyila ukupakishwa kweemveliso eziphathwayo, abaqulunqi bokupakisha kufuneka bazi ukuba indawo apho imveliso iya kusetyenziswa inezixhobo eziyimfuneko, izixhobo kunye nomthamo wobugcisa wokuhlanganisa imveliso.
5. Layisha uhlobo lweebhokisi zeekeyiki zehoseyile ezenzelwe wena
Uhlobo lomthwalo lubhekiselele ekusasazweni komthwalo kwimveliso epakishweyo, eyenziwa xa imveliso ipakishwe. Ngokohlobo lomthwalo, iimveliso zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: kulula ukulayisha, kunzima ukulayisha kunye nomthwalo ophakathi. Iimveliso ekulula ukuzilayisha zibizwa ngokuba ziimveliso ekulula ukuzilayisha. Zinokusabalalisa ubuninzi obufanayo, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo kwaye kulula ukupakisha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iipakethi zangaphakathi, zangaphandle kunye ne-pallet zisetyenziswa. Umbindi womxhuzulane wemveliso epakishwe kwiziko lejometri yesitya sokupakisha. Iimveliso ezinobunzima bokulayisha zibizwa ngokuba yimveliso enzima ukuyilayisha ukuba ukuhanjiswa koxinano akulingani, kwaye iimveliso ezinobungakanani obungaqhelekanga azikwazi ukuzalisa ngokupheleleyo isingxobo sokupakisha okanye zingenawo umphezulu wenkxaso ochaziweyo kwisitya sokupakisha. Ukuba inkxaso ekhethekileyo kunye nokubeka iteknoloji ingasetyenziswanga ekuyilweni kokupakisha, ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokulayisha, ukukhupha kunye nokuthutha, okungonakalisa ukupakishwa. Iziko lomxhuzulane weemveliso ekunzima ukulayisha emva kokupakishwa ngokuqhelekileyo akukho kwiziko lejometri yesikhongozeli sokupakisha, kwaye isitya sokupakisha kufuneka siphawulwe ngeziko lomfanekiso womxhuzulane ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukulayisha ngokukhuselekileyo. , ukukhulula kunye nokuphatha. Iimpahla ezinobunzima obuphakathi ziphakathi kwempahla ekulula ukuyilayisha kwaye kunzima ukuyilayisha, efana neetoti kunye neziselo ezisebhotileni.
6. Iindleko zemveliso kwiibhokisi zekeyiki zehoseyile eyenzelwe wena
Iindleko zemveliso yiparameter yoyilo olubalulekileyo lwabaqulunqi bokupakisha ukuba baqwalasele. Kwelinye icala, abaqulunqi bokupakisha kufuneka basebenzise elona xabiso liphantsi lokupakisha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lwemveliso; kwelinye icala, ukuba isitshixo okanye icandelo lemveliso elibalulekileyo lonakaliswe, linokubangela ukulahleka okukhulu kwemveliso, kwaye iindleko zemveliso aziyi kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu .... Funda ngakumbi
Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kunye nezenzelwe wena Ukwandisa umgangatho wokupakisha, iimveliso kufuneka zihlelwe ngokweempawu ezibonakalayo. Iimveliso ezineempawu ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali njengemveliso ehleliweyo zibizwa ngokuba ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ezi mveliso zintsha zihlala zipakishwa ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokupakisha zebhokisi yeekomityi. Iimveliso ezingenazo iimpawu ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali njengeemveliso ezihleliweyo zibizwa ngokuba ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ezi mveliso kufuneka zipakishwe phambi kokupakishwa, kunye nemizobo eneenkcukacha kunye nezinto zokupakisha kufuneka zinikezwe.
Iimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe kwiholesale kwiimveliso eziKhethekileyo ikakhulu zibandakanya iimpahla eziyingozi kunye neemveliso ze-microelectronic
1. iimpahla eziyingozi
Iimveliso eziqhumayo, ezinokutsha, ezinobuthi, i-radioactive, njl., kwaye zinokwenza lula iingozi kunye nomonakalo wepropati ngexesha lokuthutha, ukulayishwa, ukukhulula kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo, zibizwa ngokuba yimpahla eyingozi. Umgangatho wesizwe we-CB6944 "Ukuhlelwa kunye nokuBhaliswa kweeMpahla ezinobungozi" ukwahlula iimpahla ezinobungozi kwiindidi ezisithoba.
Eyona njongo yokupakisha iimpahla ezinobungozi kukuthintela umonakalo onokuthi wenzeke ngexesha lokulayishwa, ukuthuthwa, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla eyingozi. Ubunzima bendalo yempahla enobungozi ngokwabo kunye neentlobo zezinto zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, irhuluwa isenokuba neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto, ezinye zazo eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Abanye banovakalelo kumothuko, abanye kungquzulwano, kunye nokukhanya, ubushushu, umbane ongatshintshiyo, njl.njl Ngexesha lokulayisha, ukuthuthwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi zinokuvela phakathi kwezinto ezisingqongileyo, ezidala ubunzima obukhulu ekupakisheni iimpahla eziyingozi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zembumbulu, irhuluwa kunye nepyrotechnics kushishino lokhuselo zizinto ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi eziyingozi. Ukupakishwa okunjalo akufunekanga uqinisekise kuphela ukhuseleko lwemveliso, kodwa kwakhona uqinisekise ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide, ukulungelelaniswa nokunyakaza kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kwemveliso. Ukupakishwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla eyingozi kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka kuhambelane “neMimiselo yokuThuthwa kweeMpahla eziDangerous ngoLwandle yaMazwe ngaMazwe” ekhutshwe nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe waseLwandle.
Ugcino.
2.Iimveliso zeMicroelectronics
IMicroelectronics ziimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezifana namacandelo amakhulu adityanisiweyo esekethe, iibhodi ezidityanisiweyo zeesekethe kunye neemveliso ezithile ezichanekileyo zombane kunye nokudibanisa umbane. Abakhathaleli kuphela ukufuma kunye nokugqwala, kodwa kunye nokuthuthumela kunye nokungcangcazela. Bakwanovelwano ngokugqithisileyo kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle. Imingcipheko ehambelana namandla entsimi. Ukukhusela kunye nokukhuselwa kwiinkalo ze-electromagnetic fields, i-electrostatic fields kunye ne-radiation fields zibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nobomi benkonzo yezi mveliso. Ukukhuselwa kwecandelo ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nobomi besixhobo sonke, kwaye olu khuselo kufuneka luphelele kwaye luthembeke. Kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso, ukusuka kumacandelo ukuya kwindibano ibe ngamacandelo okanye iinxalenye kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamacandelo kwiimveliso, nakuphi na ukungakhathali ekukhuselweni kwepakethe kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwaye kubangele ilahleko enkulu.
I-electrostatic discharge sensitivity kwezinye iimveliso zombane ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziboniswa kwiThebhile 2-3. Uvakalelo kumbane ongashukumiyo kubhekiselele kwinqanaba apho imveliso yonakaliswa ngayo ngumbane ongatshintshiyo. Ubungakanani bengozi yombane we-electrostatic, okanye ubuzaza bomonakalo we-electrostatic, buxhomekeke kwiqondo lokwakheka okungashukumiyo (ivoltheji yombane we-electrostatic) kunye nokuba sesichengeni sombane we-electrostatic wemveliso ekukhutshweni yi-electrostatic. Okukhona uphezulu amandla ombane we-electrostatic, kokukhona umonakalo mkhulu. Okukhona iphezulu ukuchaphazeleka kwe-electrostatic yemveliso, kokukhona iba sesichengeni somonakalo we-electrostatic.
Imveliso epakishweyo itshintsha kuphela iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokujikeleza, ngaphandle kokudala izinto ezintsha. Utshintsho kubuninzi, umbala, i-gloss, i-odor, ukuguga, i-sublimation, i-volatilization, i-dicomposition, i-melting point, amandla abilayo, i-plastiki, i-thermal conductivity, i-conductivity yombane, i-optical properties, njl. Konke oku kunokulinganiswa ngeemvakalelo zomntu ezifana nolwimi, ulwimi nomzimba, okanye ngezixhobo zokulinga. Ngaphambi nasemva kotshintsho lomzimba lwenziwe kwiimveliso ezipakishweyo, uhlobo kunye nohlobo lweemveliso ezipakishiweyo azimiselwanga. Apha, ubukhulu becala sibonisa utshintsho olunemigangatho emithathu yeebhokisi zekeyiki, ukungena kunye nokuntywila, ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal kunye nomatshini wobushushu obuncanyathiselweyo, utshintsho kwipropathi ye-electromagnetic kunye ne-optical, kunye notshintsho lomatshini (amandla), njl.
I-phenomenon yokutshatyalaliswa kwemveliso idibene ne-hygroscopicity, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kunye ne-hygroscopic point. I-Hygroscopicity imele ukukwazi kwemveliso ukufunxa kunye nokukhulula umswakama, ochaphazela iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo, ezifana neempawu zokuthintela amanzi, iimpawu zokugoba kunye nokubunjwa kwe-bubble. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi kubonisa ipropati yokungunda ukuba inyibilike emanzini afunliweyo kwaye ibe lulwelo. Inqaku le-hygroscopic lichaza ixabiso lokufuma elihambelanayo apho imveliso iqala ukufunxa ukufuma phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba uxinzelelo luhlala luhlala, njengoko ubushushu be-ambient bukhuphuka, i-hygroscopic point iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, okwenza kube lula ukuba imveliso ithathe umswakama kwaye inyibilike. Nangona ezinye iimveliso, ezifana ne-potassium sulfate, i-potassium perchlorate, njl., zine-solubility egqwesileyo yamanzi, iipropati zabo zokufunxa zibuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko akulula ukunyibilika phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo. Kukho neemveliso ezithile, ezifana nesikhumba, iphepha, ikotoni, isiponji, iglue yezitena, njl., apho, nangona i-hygroscopicity ephezulu, ayinyibiliki emanzini kwaye ngoko ayinyibiliki. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela xa imveliso ine-hygroscopicity ephezulu kunye nokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi ukuba inokunyibilika ngokuthe ngcembe kwindawo efumileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni inyibilike ngokupheleleyo kulwelo. Ukufuma okunxulumene komoya kunempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiqondo lemveliso lokunyibilika. Ukuba ukufuma kwesalamane kuphantsi kakhulu, iimveliso ezinyibilikayo ngokulula kunye ne-hygroscopicity ephezulu kunye neempawu zokuhlambela kwamanzi azikho lula ukunyibilika, kunye neemeko zokufuma okuphantsi kakhulu, njengentlango eyomileyo, ayivumeli imveliso ukuba inyibilike.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-12-2023
