abavelisi ukupakisha baklava Iteknoloji yokuzalisa okuqinileyo kunye nezixhobo

 

Inkqubo yokugcwalisa okuqinileyo ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokusebenza yokulayisha izinto eziqinileyo kwizingxobo zokupakisha. Uluhlu lwezinto eziqinileyo lubanzi kakhulu, kunye neentlobo ezininzi, kunye nemilo yazo kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali nazo zihluke kakhulu, ezibangelwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzalisa. Izinto eziphambili ezimisela indlela yokuzaliswa yimilo, i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza kobuninzi bezinto eziqinileyo. yima.

Izinto eziqinileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe yimathiriyeli ewumgubo, imathiriyeli yegranular kunye nentlama ngokwemeko yazo. Ngokuhambelana ne-viscosity yayo, inokwahlulwa kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo.Iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:

1.Izixhobo ezingancangathi.Inomanzi kwaye ayinamathele omnye komnye kwiqondo lokushisa. Xa igalelwa kwindawo ethe tyaba, inokufunjwa ngokwendalo ibe yimo yecone. Inokusasazwa ngokulinganayo emva kokungcangcazela okufanelekileyo. Olu hlobo lwezinto kulula ukuzalisa, njengeesiriyeli, ikofu, ityuwa egayiweyo, iswekile, iti, kunye neziqhamo eziqinileyo. , isanti, njl.

2. Izixhobo ze-semi-viscous.Inomlinganiselo othile wokubambelela kunye nokungamanzi. Kulula ukubhuloka okanye ukugoba xa ugcwalisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuthutha kunye nokulinganisa. Ukungcangcazela kunokuphucula ulwelo. Okufana nomgubo, umgubo wobisi, iswekile, umgubo wokuvasa, umgubo weyeza, umgubo webala kunye nezixhobo zegranular eziqulathe umlinganiselo othile wokufuma.

3. izinto ezincangathi.Inonamathela okuphezulu, inamathela ngokulula kumaqela, inomanzi omdaka, kwaye incamathela ngokulula kwisixhobo sokugcwalisa, ukwenza ukuzalisa kube nzima kakhulu. Ezinje ngomgubo weswekile emdaka, iziqhamo ezilekeseweyo kunye nezixhobo ezithile zekhemikhali.

Inkqubo yokuzaliswa kwezinto eziqinileyo isekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, kubandakanywa indlela yokuzalisa i-volumetric, indlela yokuzalisa ubunzima kunye nendlela yokuzalisa ukubala. Izinto ezibunjwe rhoqo eziqinileyo zebhloko okanye izinto ezinkulu zegranular zihlala zisebenzisa indlela yokubala yokuzalisa; iibhloko ezimile ngokungalungelelananga okanye umgubo okhululekileyo

 

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuzalisa kunye nokuzaliswa kwenkqubo ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ezifuna ngokubanzi ukuzaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye akukho monakalo kwiziqulatho kunye nezikhongozeli zokupakisha. Ukutya namayeza kufuneka kugcinwe kucocekile yaye kucocekile, yaye izinto eziyingozi zifanele zigcinwe zikhuselekile. Xa ukhetha indlela yenkqubo, izinto ezifana nesimo somzimba, indalo, kunye nexabiso lento, uhlobo lweabavelisi ukupakisha baklavaisikhongozeli, izixhobo zokupakisha, iindlela zokulinganisa, ukuchaneka kwenkqubo, iindleko zokupakisha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kulandelayo kuya kwazisa ukuzaliswa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. kunye neenkqubo zokugcwalisa kunye nezixhobo zokugqibezela ezi nkqubo.

 

Ukusebenza kokugcwalisa iimveliso zolwelo kwiabavelisi ukupakisha baklavaizikhongozeli zokupakisha ezifana neebhotile, iinkonkxa, imiphanda, njl. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo eziqinileyo, izinto ezingamanzi zineempawu zokungamanzi kakuhle, ukuxinana okuzinzileyo, kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezimanzi eziza kuzaliswa, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, iziselo, i-condiments, iimveliso zoshishino, izinto ezisetyenziswa ngamachiza, amayeza, izibulala-zinambuzane, njl. ezahlukeneyo. Into ephambili echaphazela ukuzaliswa yi-viscosity ye-liquid, ilandelwa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho igesi enyityilisiweyo kulwelo kunye nesenzeko sokuhamba kunye negwebu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwelo lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amathathu ngokwe-viscosity yawo. Udidi lokuqala zizinto ezingamanzi ezibhityileyo ezine-viscosity ephantsi kunye ne-fluidity elungileyo, njengamanzi, iwayini, ubisi, isosi yesoya, iipotions, njl. Ukuze ukwandise izinga lokuhamba kwayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amandla angaphandle, njenge-ketchup, ukhilimu, njl.

Udidi lwesithathu luyizinto ezincangathi ze-liquid kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-fluidity embi, efuna amandla angaphandle ukuba ahambe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afune ukushisa okuphezulu okuzaliswayo, njenge-jam, i-toothpaste, i-paste, njl.

Ukongeza, izinto ezingamanzi zahlulwe zibe ziziselo zekhabhoni kunye neziselo ngokutsho nokuba zinyibilikile igesi yecarbon dioxide. Ibhiya, iwayini ehlwahlwazayo, i-champagne, isoda, njl. Zonke iintlobo zamanzi amaminerali, amanzi ahlambulukileyo, iwayini ebomvu nemhlophe, i-condiments, njl njl. zonke ziseziselo, kodwa i-condiments iya kuvelisa amaqamza xa ihamba, echaphazela i-ration.

Ukuzaliswa kolwelo yinkqubo yokukhupha ulwelo kwitanki yokugcina ulwelo, ukuyigqithisa kumbhobho, kwaye ilayishwe kwitanki yokugcina ulwelo.abavelisi ukupakisha baklava Isingxobo sokupakisha ngesantya esithile sokuqukuqela okanye isantya sokuhamba. Ukuhamba kolwelo kumbhobho kuxhomekeke kumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwesiphelo sokungena kunye nesiphelo sokuphuma, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwesiphelo sokungena kufuneka lube phezulu kunoxinzelelo lwesiphelo sokuphuma. Ngokwethiyori ye-fluid mechanics, iimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ziya kwenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba kolwelo ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ezisisiseko.

 

Ukusebenza kokuzaliswa kwemveliso ye-liquid kwiibhokisi zokupakisha kubizwa ngokuba yi-filling, kwaye izixhobo eziqaphela ukuzaliswa zibizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuzalisa. Ukusebenza kokulayisha iimveliso eziqinileyo kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha kubizwa ngokuba kukuzalisa, kwaye izixhobo eziqaphela izinto zokuzalisa zibizwa ngokuba ziimatshini zokuzalisa. Zizona ndlela ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokuzalisa kwi-teknoloji yokupakisha. Inkqubo yokuzalisa kunye nokuzaliswa yinkqubo ephakathi kwinkqubo yokupakisha. Ngaphambi kokuzaliswa kunye nokuzaliswa, kukho ukulungiswa kunye nokunikezelwa kwepowder, kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kwesitya, ukucocwa, ukutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane, ukomisa, kunye nokulungelelanisa, kulandelwa ukutywinwa, ukutywinwa, ukuleyibhile, ukuprintwa, ukupakisha kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezincedisayo.

Izinto zokuzalisa ziyi-liquid, kwaye izinto zayo eziphambili ezichaphazelayo ziyi-viscosity kunye nomxholo wegesi, kunye ne-foam ngexesha lokuhamba. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziqinileyo zokuzaliswa, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziigranules, iipowders, amaqhuma okanye imilo exubeneyo ngokwesimo sabo somzimba. Ezinye zine-fluidity entle, kwaye ezinye zinenqanaba elithile le-viscosity kumphezulu. Ngokwezikhongozeli zokupakisha ezahlukeneyo, inokwahlulwa ibe yingxowa, ibhotile, i-canning, ibhokisi, i-cartoning, njl.

Ukuzalisa kunye nokuzalisa izinto ziyahluka ngohlobo, ifom, umbane kunye nexabiso, ngoko ke iindlela zokulinganisa zikwahluke. Ngokwendlela yokulinganisa, kukho umthamo (umthamo), ubunzima (ubunzima / ubunzima) kunye nokubala (ubuninzi), njl.

Indlela yokuzalisa i-volumetric kukugcwalisa izinto eziphathekayo kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha ngokomthamo omiselweyo. Ukwahlulwe kakhulu kuhlobo lwekomityi yokulinganisa kunye nohlobo lwe-screw, izixhobo zokuzalisa i-volumetric zinesakhiwo esilula, isantya esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kuphantsi. Kufanelekile ukuzalisa i-powdery kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zegranular ezinobunzima obubonakalayo obuzinzile, okanye izinto ezinomthamo obaluleke ngakumbi kunomgangatho.

 

1. Gcwalisa indebe yokulinganisa

Ukuzaliswa kwekomityi yokulinganisa kukusebenzisa ikomityi yokulinganisa ubungakanani ukulinganisa imathiriyeli kunye nokuzigcwalisa kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha. Xa ugcwalisa, izinto eziphathekayo ziwela ngokukhululekile kwindebe yokulinganisa ngobunzima bayo. I-scraper ikhupha izinto ezingaphezulu kwikomityi yokulinganisa, kwaye izinto ezikwikomityi yokulinganisa zizaliswe kwisitya sokupakisha phantsi kobunzima baso. Zintathu iindidi zezakhiwo zekomityi yokulinganisa: uhlobo lwegubu, uhlobo olujikajikayo, kunye nodidi lwe-intubation. Kufanelekile ukuzalisa i-powdery, i-granular kunye ne-fragmented materials with good flow properties. Kwizinto eziphathekayo ezinoxinano olubonakalayo oluzinzileyo, iikomityi zokulinganisa ezisisigxina zingasetyenziswa, kunye nezixhobo ezinobunzima obubonakalayo obungazinzanga, iikomityi zokulinganisa ezilungelelanisiweyo zingasetyenziswa. Le ndlela yokuzalisa inokuchaneka okuphantsi kokuzaliswa kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwixabiso eliphantsi

imveliso, kodwa inokuzaliswa ngesantya esiphezulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

(1)Ukuzaliswa komthamo wegubhu rhoqo kukwabizwa ngokuba yimpompo yobungakanani bomthamo oqhubekayo wokuzaliswa komthamo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5-13, kukho imingxunya emininzi yemitha kumda ongaphandle wegubu. Igubu lijikeleza ngesantya esithile. Xa iguqulelwe kwindawo ephezulu, igumbi lokulinganisa I-cavity idibaniswa ne-hopper, kwaye i-material igeleza kwi-metering cavity ngobunzima bayo. Xa ijikelwe kwindawo esezantsi, i-metering cavity idityaniswe ne-port engenanto, kwaye izinto zigeleza kwisitya sokupakisha ngobunzima baso. Igumbi lokulinganisa lineentlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lwevolumu esisigxina kunye nohlobo lomthamo olungelelaniswayo, olufanelekileyo ukuzalisa izinto ezinomgubo kunye noxinzelelo olubonakalayo oluzinzile. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kukho i-port enye kuphela engenanto, isantya sokuzalisa siyacotha kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi.

Uhlobo lokusonga lunxulumene neempawu zemveliso, izinto zokupakisha, iindlela zokutywina, njl. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza yokugquma, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: ukusebenza ngesandla, ukusebenza komatshini okuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo; ngokwemilo yokusonga, inokohlulwa ibe kukusonga nokusonga.

2. Inkqubo yokusonga

Ukusonga ukusonga yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Inkqubo esisiseko yile: ukusika ubude obuthile be abavelisi ukupakisha baklavaizinto eziphathekayo ezivela kwi-roll material, okanye uthabathe icandelo lezinto zokupakisha ezisikiwe kwangaphambili kwi-rack yokugcina, uze ubophe izinto ezijikeleze izinto ezipakishweyo, kwaye upakishe kwi-cylinder ngokugqithiswa. imilo, uze usonge zombini iziphelo kwaye utywine ngokuqinileyo. Ngokwendalo kunye nokuma kwemveliso, ukuhonjiswa komphezulu kunye neemfuno zoomatshini, indawo yomthungo kunye nefom kunye nesalathiso sokugotywa kwesiphelo esivulekileyo kunokutshintshwa.

Zininzi iindlela zokusonga zokusonga, ezihlelwa ngokwendawo yomthungo kunye nefom yokusonga kunye nesalathiso sesiphelo esivulekileyo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziphelo ezimbini zohlobo lokusonga lwekona, uhlobo lokusonga lomthungo wecala-ikona, uhlobo lokusonga isiphelo sesibini, kunye nesiphelo sesibini sohlobo lwe-pleat. , uhlobo lwe-bevel, njl.

(1)Uhlobo lwekona kuzo zombini iziphelo. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiimveliso zokusonga ngeemilo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikwere. Xa upakisha, qala uyisonge kwi-cylindrical seam, ngokuqhelekileyo ezantsi, uze ugobe amacala amafutshane kwiziphelo zombini ukwenza iikona ezinxantathu okanye zetrapezoidal, kwaye ekugqibeleni ugobe kwaye utywine ezi mbombo ngokulandelelana.

iseti

Inkqubo yokusonga iimbombo zokusonga kuzo zombini iziphelo zilula kwaye ukusebenza ngoomatshini kulula ukufezekisa, kodwa i-seams ihlala ngasemva, ngoko ke ukuqina kunye nokutywinwa kokusonga akubi. Ukongeza, i-seams ngasemva ichaphazela ingqibelelo yepateni ye-upholstery. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3-15, ngexesha lokusebenza ngesandla, i-seams inokugqithwa kwaye ihlanganiswe ukwenzela ukuba ukugubungela kuqiniswe kwaye ubuso bepakethi buhamba kakuhle. Ngexesha lomatshiniabavelisi ukupakisha baklavaimisebenzi, ngenxa yemigaqo yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo, ukulandelelana kwekona kunye nolwalathiso lwentshukumo yemveliso yahlukile. Njengoko kubonisiwe emfanekisweni

I-3-16 yimikhombandlela yolandelelwano olusongwayo lokunyuka nokuhla kunye nentshukumo ethe tye.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane kakuhle nokupakishwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye neemfuno zentengiso yeemveliso, iimfuno ezisisiseko zenkqubo yokusonga zezi: D. Sebenzisa izinto ezintsha zokupakisha kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa kwempahla.

(2)Ngelixa uqinisekisa imisebenzi esisiseko, zama ukusebenzisa izinto zokupakisha ezilula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kwaye uqaphele imveliso ezenzekelayo.

(3)Lungisa kwaye uqonde ukwahlulwa kwecandelo leeyunithi zokuthengisa ezahlukeneyo kurhwebo lwentengiso, kwaye ufezekise ulungelelwaniso kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kobuninzi, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu.

(4)Yenza ukupakishwa kwemveliso kuhlangabezene neemfuno zentengiso yevenkile enkulu, yenza ukuba abathengi bachonge ngokucacileyo iimpawu zemveliso, ququzelela ukupakishwa kweemveliso kwiishelufu, kwaye unikeze ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lweemveliso.

(5)Phucula uyilo lokupakisha imveliso kwaye uthathe inyathelo lokuchasa umgunyathi, ukuthintela ubusela kunye namanye amanyathelo okhuseleko.

 

Ukusonga kohlobo lwe-twist kukusonga ubude obuthile bezinto zokupakisha kwimilo ye-cylindrical, kwaye emva koko ujije indawo evulekileyo yesiphelo ibe yi-twist ngokwendlela ekhankanyiweyo. I-seams edibeneyo ayifuni ukuba idibaniswe okanye ifakwe ubushushu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhulula nokujija kwakhona, izinto zokupakisha ziyafuneka ukuba zibe namandla athile okukrazula kunye neplastiki. Olu hlobo lokusonga lulula kwaye kulula ukuluvula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho mfuneko ekhethekileyo yokuma kwezinto zokupakisha. I-Spherical, cylindrical, square, ellipsoid kunye nezinye iimilo zamkelekile. Isenokusetyenziswa ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini, kodwa umsebenzi owenziwe ngesandla ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zococeko lokutya. Okwangoku, ukutya okuninzi okujijekileyo okufana neelekese kunye ne-ayisikrimu kuye kwalungiswa ngoomatshini.

Izinto zokupakisha ezijijekileyo zinokuba ngumaleko omnye okanye izakhelo ezininzi. Ukuba i-multi-layer composite structure isetyenzisiweyo, izinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziswe kwimigangatho yangaphakathi nangaphandle zihlala zihluke. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokusonga i-twist, kuquka i-twist enye, i-twist ephindwe kabini kunye nokusonga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela ye-twist-end twist isetyenziswa. Xa usebenza ngesandla, izikhokelo zee-twist kuzo zombini iziphelo zichasene; xa usebenzisa imisebenzi engoomatshini, imiyalelo idla ngokufana. I-twist enesiphelo esisodwa ayisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-candies ephezulu, i-lollipops, iziqhamo kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3-27. Uhlobo lwe-twist oluphindwe kabini luboniswe kuMfanekiso 3-28, kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwipakethe ye-candy eqhelekileyo.