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Inkomoko n'intege nke za Noheri

Inkomoko n'intege nke za Noheri

Саромchsmas (Noheri), uzwi kandi nka Noheri, uzwiho nk "Misa ya Kristo", ni umunsi mukuru wa Kristo wiburengerazuba ku ya 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka. Ni umunsi wo kwizihiza isabukuru ya Yesu Kristo, washinze ubukristo. Noheri ntiyabayeho mu ntangiriro yubukristo, kandi ntibyabayeho kugeza nyuma yimyaka ijana Yesu azamuka mwijuru. Kubera ko Bibiliya yanditse ivuga ko Yesu yavutse nijoro, ijoro ryo ku ya 24 Ukuboza ryitwa "Noheri Eva" cyangwa "Eve Eva". Noheri nazo ni umunsi mukuru rusange mu bihugu by'iburengerazuba ndetse n'ibindi bice byinshi by'isi.

 

Noheri ni umunsi mukuru w'idini. Mu kinyejana cya 19, hamwe no gukundwa amakarita ya Noheri no kugaragara kwa Santa, Noheri buhoro buhoro.

 

Noheri yakwirakwira muri Aziya hagati mu kinyejana cya 19. Nyuma yo kuvugurura no gufungura, Noheri yakwirakwiriye cyane mubushinwa. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, Noheri yari ihuriweho n'imibereho ya gasutamo yaho kandi itezimbere cyane. Kurya pome, wambaye ingofero, yohereza amakarita ya Noheri, yitabira amashyaka ya Noheri, kandi guhaha Noheri byahindutse igice cyubuzima bwubushinwa.

 

Aho Noheda ava aho, Noheri yuyu munsi yinjiye mubuzima bwa buri wese. Reka twige inkomoko ya Noheri hamwe ninkuru zizwi, kandi dusangire umunezero wa Noheri hamwe.

inkuru yavutse

Dukurikije Bibiliya, Yesu yavukiye gutya: icyo gihe, Sezari Augustus yatanze itegeko risaba abantu bose bo mu Bwami bw'Abaroma kugira ngo bayandikishe yo kwiyandikisha. Ibi byakorewe bwa mbere igihe Quirino yari guverineri wa Siriya. Kubwibyo, abantu bose bari muri bo basubiye mumyanda yabo kwiyandikisha. Kubera ko Yozefu yakomokaga mu muryango wa Dawidi, yavuyemo kandi i Nazareti i Galilaya i Betelehemu, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya, abahoze ari muri Yudaya. Bakiri aho, igihe kirageze ngo Mariya abyare, maze yibaruka umuhungu we w'imfura, amupfunyika mu mwenda wuzuye amushyira mu kiraro; Kuberako batashoboraga kubona icyumba kiri muri Inn. Muri iki gihe, abungeri bamwe bari bakambitse hafi, barinda imikumbi yabo. Bukwi na bukwi, umumarayika wa Nyagasani yahagaze iruhande rwabo, kandi ubwiza bwa Nyagasani burabasuhuza, kandi bafite ubwoba bwinshi. Umumarayika arababwira ati: "Ntimutinye! Ubu ndakumenyesha inkuru nziza ku bantu bose, uyu munsi ubu mu mujyi wa Dawidi wavutse, Uwiteka Mesiya. Ndabahaye ikimenyetso: Nzabona mu gitambara no kuryama mu kiraro." Mu buryo butunguranye, ingabo nini zo mu ijuru zagaragaye hamwe na marayika, zisingiza Imana zivuga ngo: Imana ihabwe icyubahiro mu ijuru, kandi abo Uwiteka akunda kwishimira amahoro ku isi!

 

Abamarayika bamaze kubasiga bajya mu ijuru, abungeri barabwirana bati: "Reka tujye i Betelehemu turebe uko byagenze nk'uko Uwiteka yatubwiye." Baragenda rero, basanga Mariya. Ya na Yozefu, umwana aryamye mu kiraro. Bamaze kubona umwana wera, bakwirakwiza ijambo ryerekeye umwana marayika yababwiye. Abantu bose bumvise baratangaye cyane. Maria yabitse neza kandi arabitekerezaho inshuro nyinshi. Abungeri bamenye ko bumvise kandi babonye byari byiza neza nibyo marayika yari yaratangaje, maze banyubaha Imana inzira zose.

 

Muri icyo gihe, inyenyeri nshya itangaje yagaragaye mu kirere hejuru ya Betelehemu. Abami batatu baturutse iburasirazuba baje ubuyobozi bw'inyenyeri, bunamye Yesu aryamye mu kiraro, aramusenga, amuha impano. Bukeye, basubira mu rugo batangaza ubutumwa bwiza.

 

Umugani wa Santa Claus

 

Umugani wa Santa Santa ni umusaza wonda wera wambaye ikanzu itukura hamwe ningofero itukura. Buri Noheri, atwara sled ava mu majyaruguru, yinjira mu mazu anyuze muri Chimney, ashyira impano za Noheri mu masogisi kugira ngo imanike ku buriri bw'abana cyangwa imbere y'umuriro

Izina ry'umwimerere rya Santa Heus ryari Nicolaus, wavutse hafi y'ikinyejana cya gatatu muri Aziya Ntoya. Yari afite imico myiza kandi yiga neza. Amaze gukura, yinjira mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana nyuma abaye umupadiri. Nyuma gato y'ababyeyi be bapfuye, agurisha ibintu bye byose kandi aha imfashanyo ku bakene. Muri icyo gihe, hari umuryango ukennye ufite abakobwa batatu: umukobwa w'imfura yari afite imyaka 20, umukobwa wa kabiri yari afite imyaka 18, kandi umukobwa muto yari afite imyaka 16; Gusa umukobwa wa kabiri arakomeye kumubiri, ufite ubwenge kandi mwiza, mugihe abandi bakobwa bombi bafite intege nke kandi barwaye. Se rero yashakaga kugurisha umukobwa we wa kabiri kugira ngo akure, maze igihe cya Saint Nicholas kimenye, yaje kubahumuriza. Mwijoro, Nigel yapakiye rwihishwa amabara uko ari atatu muri zahabu, aceceka agatura ku buriri bwabakobwa batatu; Bukeye, bashiki bacu batatu babonye zahabu. Barishimye cyane. Ntabwo bishyuye imyenda yabo gusa, ahubwo banabayeho ubuzima butagira impungenge. Nyuma, bamenye ko zahabu yoherejwe na Nigel. Kuri uwo munsi, uwo munsi, baramutumira iwabo kugira ngo bashimire.

Noheri yose, abantu bazavuga iyi nkuru, kandi abana bazagirira ishyari kandi bizera ko Santa Claus nayo azohereza impano. Umugani rero wavuzwe haruguru wagaragaye. .

Nyuma, Nicholas yazamuwe mu nsenyeri kandi akora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ateze imbere abera. Yitabyenye mu 359 ashyingurwa mu rusengero. Hariho ibimenyetso byinshi byumwuka nyuma y'urupfu, cyane cyane iyo imibavu ikunze gutemba hafi yimva, ishobora gukiza indwara zitandukanye.

 

Umugani w'igiti cya Noheri

 Kuki yapakiye Noheri ya Noheri

Igiti cya Noheri cyamye gicika intege kubera kwizihiza Noheri. Niba nta giti cya Noheri murugo, ikirere cyibirori kizagabanuka cyane.

 

Kera cyane, hari umuhinzi mwiza warokoye umwana ushonje kandi akonje kuri Noheri ya Noheri ya shelegi amuha ifunguro rya Noheri. Mbere yuko umwana agenda, yamennye ishami rya pinune arawukagira umugisha mu butaka, araha umugisha ati: "Kuri uyu munsi, ishami ryuzuyemo impano nziza." Umwana amaze kugenda, umuhinzi yabonye ko ishami ryahindutse ku giti cya pinune. Yabonye igiti gito gitwikiriwe n'impano, hanyuma amenya ko yakiriye intumwa ku Mana. Iki ni igiti cya Noheri.

 

Ibiti bya Noheri byahoraga bimanikwa no guhuza imitako nimpano, kandi hagomba kubaho inyenyeri nini nini hejuru ya buri giti. Bavuga ko igihe Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu, inyenyeri nshya itangaje yagaragaye hejuru y'umujyi muto wa Betelehemu. Abami batatu baturutse iburasirazuba baza ku buyobozi bw'inyenyeri, bunanama ku mavi kugira ngo basenge Yesu wari uryamye mu kiraro. Iyi niyo nyenyeri ya Noheri.

Inkuru yindirimbo ya Noheri "Ijoro rituje"

 

Noheri eve, ijoro ryera,

 

Mu mwijima, umucyo urabagirana.

 

Ukurikije inkumi kandi ukurikije umwana,

 

Mbega ineza n'ubwivanga,

 

Ishimire ibitotsi byatanzwe mwijuru,

 

Ishimire ibitotsi byatanzwe n'Imana.

 

Indirimbo ya Noheri "Ijoro rituje" riva muri Alpes ya Otirishiya kandi nindirimbo ya Noheri izwi cyane ku isi. Indirimbo n'amagambo byayo bihuye neza kuburyo abantu bose bumva, baba abakristu cyangwa batabishaka, baragenda. Niba ari imwe mu ndirimbo nziza kandi zigenda ku isi, ndizera ko ntawe wanga.

 

Hariho imigani myinshi ijyanye no kwandika amagambo numuziki byindirimbo ya Noheri "Ijoro rituje". Inkuru yatangijwe hepfo nicyo gikoraho cyane kandi cyiza.

 

Bavuga ko mu 1818, mu mujyi muto witwa Obenderf muri Otirishiya, hari umupadiri utazwi witwa Moore. Iyi Noheri, Moore yavumbuye ko imiyoboro y'urwego rw'itorero yari yararumwe n'imbeba, kandi byatinze kubisana. Nigute Kwizihiza Noheri? Moore ntiyishimiye ibi. Yahise yibuka ibyanditswe mu Ivanjili ya Luka. Igihe Yesu yavukaga, abamarayika batangarije ubutumwa bwiza ku bashumba b'inka nkeya za Betelehemu baririmbagira: "Icyubahiro ku Mana mu gihe cyo kwishima." Yari afite igitekerezo kandi yanditse indirimbo zishingiye kuri iyi mirongo yombi, yitwa "Ijoro ryo guceceka."

 

Moore yanditse amagambo, yaberetse gukeya, umwarimu wibanze muri uyu mujyi, amusaba guhimba umuziki. Ge L Lu yakozwe ku mutima cyane amaze gusoma amagambo, ahimba umuziki, akariririmbira mu rusengero bukeye bwaho, bwari bukunzwe cyane. Nyuma, abacuruzi babiri banyuze hano bamenya iyi ndirimbo. Baririmbaga Umwami William Iv ya Prussia. Nyuma yo kubyumva, William IV yishimiye cyane kandi ategeka "ijoro rituje" kuba indirimbo igomba kuririmbwa kuri Noheri mu matorero mu gihugu hose.

Noheri eve umwe

Ukuboza kwa Noheri Eva nigihe cyishimye kandi uhanganye kuri buri muryango.

Umuryango wose urambika igiti cya Noheri hamwe. Abantu batoranya ibiti bito cyangwa ibiti bito cyangwa ibiti bya pinune mumazu yabo, kumanika amatara n'amabara n'amashami, kandi bafite inyenyeri nziza hejuru yigiti kugirango yerekane inzira yo gusenga uruhinja rwera. Gusa nyir'umuryango arashobora gushiraho iyi nyenyeri ya Noheri ku giti cya Noheri. Byongeye kandi, abantu nabo bamanika impano zipimbana ku biti bya Noheri cyangwa kurunda hejuru y'ibirenge by'ibiti bya Noheri.

Amaherezo, umuryango wose wagiye mu rusengero hamwe kwitabira misa ikomeye ya saa sita.

Carnivali ya Noheri, ubwiza bwa Noheri Eva, burigihe bitinda mumitekerereze yabantu no gutinda kuva kera.

Noheri eve igice cya 2 - Amakuru meza

 

Buri mwaka kuri Noheri, ni ukuvuga, guhera nimugoroba wo ku ya 24 Ukuboza kugeza mu gitondo cyo ku ya 25 Ukuboza, nicyo dufata amakorari ya Noheri, nicyo dufata amakorari (cyangwa ngo dushyireho amakorari (cyangwa twashizeho neza abizera) kuririmba cyangwa munsi yidirishya. Karoli ya Noheri ikoreshwa mu gushaka ubutumwa bwiza bw'amavuko ya Yesu yavukiye abamarayika abamarayika bo hanze ya Betelehemu. Iyi niyo "nkuru nziza". Muri iri joro, uzahora ubona itsinda ryabahungu beza cyangwa abakobwa beza bashiraho itsinda ryiza, rifite indirimbo mumaboko. Gucuranga gitari, ugenda ku rubura rukonje, umuryango umwe nyuma yindi mivugo yari yo muri Sang.

 

Umugani wagize ko mu ijoro Yesu yavukiye, abungeri bareba imikumbi yabo mu butayu bwumvaga ijwi riva mu ijuru ritangaza ko Yesu ababwira ivuka rya Yesu. Dukurikije Bibiliya, kubera ko Yesu yaje kuba umwami w'imitima y'isi, abamarayika bakoresheje abo bashumba kugira ngo bakwirakwize amakuru ku bantu benshi.

 

Nyuma, kugira ngo bakwirakwize amakuru y'ivuka rya Yesu kuri bose, abantu biganye abamarayika bazenguruka babwiriza amakuru y'ivuka rya Yesu ku bantu ba Noheri. Kugeza uyu munsi, gutanga amakuru meza byabaye igice cy'ingenzi cya Noheri.

 

Mubisanzwe itsinda ryiza ryamakuru rigizwe nurubyiruko rugera kuri makumyabiri, wongeyeho umukobwa muto wambaye nkumumarayika na Santa Santa. Noneho kuri Noheri, nko muri saa cyenda, imiryango itangira kumenyesha ubutumwa bwiza. Igihe cyose ikipe yubutumwa bwiza ijya mumuryango, bizabanza kuririmba indirimbo nke za Noheri abantu bose bamenyereye, hanyuma umukobwa muto azasoma amagambo ya Bibiliya kugirango amenyeshe umuryango ko muri iri joro umunsi Yesu yavutse. Nyuma, abantu bose bazasenga kandi baririmbira hamwe ibisigo bimwe cyangwa bibiri, hanyuma, Claus ya SantaTa azatanga impano za Noheri ku bana, kandi inzira yose yo gutanga amakuru nziza irangiye!

 

Abantu batanga inkuru nziza bita Noheri. Inzira yose yo gutanga amakuru nziza akenshi irakomeza kugeza bwacya. Umubare wabantu uragenda kandi nini, kandi kuririmba birasakuza cyane. Umuhanda na Ableys wuzuye kuririmba.

Noheri eve igice cya 3

 

Noheri ni igihe cyiza cyane kubana.

 

Abantu bizera ko kuri Noheri, umusaza ufite ubwanwa bwera n'umutuku uzava mu majyaruguru ya kure ku mpongo, bitwaje inzu nini y'umutuku unyuze kuri chimney, no gupakira abana bafite ibikinisho n'impano. amasogisi yabo. Kubwibyo, abana bashira ibisome byamabara munsi yumuriro mbere yo gusinzira, hanyuma usinzira cyane. Bukeye, azasanga impano ye ndende igaragara mu bubiko bwe bwa Noheri. Santa Claus numuntu uzwi cyane muriki gihe cyibiruhuko.

 

Karnivali nubwiza bwa Noheri bahora bitinda cyane mubitekerezo byabantu no gutinda kuva kera.

Noheri

 

Kuri Noheri, muri Kiliziya Gatolika, hari urutoki rukozwe mu mpapuro. Hano ku musozi hari ubuvumo, kandi ubworozi bushyirwa mu buvumo. Mu manzi aryamye umwana Yesu. Iruhande rw'umwana wera, ubusanzwe hariho isugi Mariya, Yozefu, kimwe n'abamwungeri bagiye gusenga umwana wera muri iryo joro, ndetse n'inka, indogobe, intama, n'ibit.

 

Imisozi myinshi irahagaritswe na nyaburanga, kandi imbere no hanze yubuvumo buryama hamwe nindabyo zitumba, ibimera n'ibiti. Iyo byatangiye, ntibishoboka kugenzura kubera kubura amateka. Umugani wagize ko umwami w'abami w'Abaroma Constantine yakoze ubwogero bwa Noheri nziza muri 335.

 

Mager wa mbere yanditse yasabwe na St. Francis wa Assisi. Inyandiko ye: Nyuma ya Mutagatifu Francis ya Assisi yagiye i Betelehemu (Betelehemu) n'amaguru yo gusenga, yumvaga cyane Noheri. Mbere ya Noheri mu 1223, yatumiye inshuti ye Fan Li kugera i Kejiao aramubwira ati: "Ndashaka kumarana na Noheri. Tegura umwana wera, kandi nkaba warambike indogobe, nkuko babigize i Betelehemu."

 

Vanlida yakoze imyiteguro akurikije ibyifuzo bya St. Francis. Hafi ya saa sita z'ijoro, abihayimana bahageze mbere, kandi abizera baturutse mu midugudu yegeranye baza mu matsinda baturutse impande zose bafata itara. Umucyo wa Torch urabagirana ku manywa, na Clegio yabaye Betelehemu nshya! Muri iryo joro, imbaga yabereye iruhande rw'ubwato. Abihayimana n'abaparuwasi baririmbye karoli ka Noheri hamwe. Indirimbo zari nziza kandi zikoraho. Mutagatifu Francis yahagaze iruhande rw'ubwiza kandi n'ijwi risobanutse kandi ryoroheje ryashishikarije abizerwa gukunda umwana wa Kristo. Nyuma y'imihango, abantu bose bafashe ibyatsi bivuye mu rugo rw'urugo nka souvenir.

 

Kuva icyo gihe, havutse umuco muri Kiliziya Gatolika. Noheri, rockery na marger zubatswe kugirango bibuze abantu ba Noheri i Betelehemu.

 

 Kuki yapakiye Noheri ya Noheri

Ikarita ya Noheri

 

Nk'uko imigani ivuga ku ikarita ya mbere y'isi ya Noheri ya Noheri ya Noheri ya Worth Pu Lihui ku munsi wa Noheri mu 1842. Yakoresheje ikarita yo kwandika indamutso yoroshye yoherereza indamutso. Nyuma, abantu benshi kandi benshi biganyeho, na nyuma ya 1862, byahindutse impinja Noheri. Byakunzwe bwa mbere mu bakristo, kandi bidatinze byamenyekanye ku isi yose. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Minisiteri y'Ubwongereza y'Abongereza, amakarita arenga 900.000 yoherejwe kandi yakiriwe buri mwaka.

 

Ikarita ya Noheri yagiye ihinduka ubwoko bwubukorikori. Usibye kubashimye, hariho kandi uburyo bwiza kuri bo, nk'ibiti n'ibisimba bikoreshwa mu buvumo bwa Noheri, inkumi, imiterere, imiterere, abantu batatu bagendera ku ngamiya ziva iburasirazuba Ninde uza gusenga umwana wera. Amavu n'amavuko ahanini ni amashusho nijoro na shelegi. Hasi hari amakarita asanzwe yo kuramutsa.

 

Hamwe niterambere rya interineti, amakarita yo kumusuhuza kumurongo yamenyekanye kwisi yose. Abantu bakora amakarita ya Multimediya GIF cyangwa amakarita ya flash. Nubwo bari kure yundi, barashobora kohereza imeri bakakira ako kanya. Muri iki gihe, abantu barashobora kwishimira amakarita yo kuramutsa ubuzima hamwe numuziki mwiza.

 

Noheri yongeye hano, kandi ndashaka kwifuriza inshuti zanjye zose Noheri nziza!

Noheri nigihe cyibyishimo, urukundo, hamwe nabyo, ibiryo biryoshye. Mumwotsi mwinshi gakondo wishimiye mugihe cyibiruhuko, kuki za Noheri zifite umwanya wihariye mumitima yabantu benshi. Ariko ni iki kuki Noheri, kandi nigute ushobora gutuma barushaho kwihariye hamwe nijambo ryimpano?

 

Kuki Noheri ni iki?

 Kuki yapakiye Noheri ya Noheri

Kuki yapakiye Noheri ya Noheri

Kuki Noheri ni umuco ukunda umaze ibinyejana byinshi. Iyi myanda zidasanzwe zatetse kandi zishimira mugihe cyibiruhuko kandi ziza ahantu heza h'ibiryo bitandukanye, imiterere, nibishushanyo. Kuva kuki isukari ya kera hamwe nabagabo ba gingerbread kubintu byinshi bigezweho nka peppermint bark kuki na eggnog snickedoodles, hari kuki ya Noheri kugirango ikwiranye nuburyohe bwose.

 

Byongeye kandi, kuki za Noheri ntabwo ari uguryoshya gusa ahubwo zifite agaciro gakomeye. Abantu benshi bibuka neza ko biteye ubwoba no gushushanya iyi kuki hamwe nimiryango yabo, kandi akenshi bakunze kwibutsa ubushyuhe nubumwe kugirango ibiruhuko bizane. Ntibitangaje kubona bagomba - kugira amashyaka ya Noheri, gushimisha kandi nkimpano kubakunzi.

 

Nigute ushobora guhitamo Noheri ya Noheri Gupakira Impano.

 

Niba ushaka gufata kuki ya Noheri kurwego rukurikira, tekereza koresha ibipfunyikiro byabo mumasanduku yimpano. Ntabwo ibi bizakongeraho kugiti cyawe gusa, ariko bizanatera ibirori bikomeye kandi birashimishije. Hano hari inzira zimwe zo guhanga kandi zishimishije zo guhitamo paki ya Noheri ya Noheri Gupakira Impano:

 

1. Kwimenyekanisha: Imwe munzira zoroshye zo guhitamo gupakira kuki nukukongeraho kugiti cyawe. Tekereza kongeramo tagi yihariye hamwe nizina ryawe cyangwa ubutumwa bwihariye, cyangwa no gushiramo ifoto ifata umwuka wigihe. Iri nkongenge ryoroshye rizamura kuki zawe kandi bigatuma uyakira yumva adasanzwe.

 

2. Ibishushanyo Byiminsi mikuru: Gukira byukuri umwuka wa Noheri, tekereza gushiramo ibinyoma mu gupakira kuki. Tekereza urubura, ibiti byayonyo, Santa, impongo, cyangwa imbeho yo kwigomeka. Waba uhisemo umutuku nicyatsi gakondo cyangwa ubundi buryo bugezweho, igishushanyo cyibirori bizatuma kuki zawe zigaragara kandi zikareba neza.

 

3. Imiterere idasanzwe: Mugihe kuki ubwazo zishobora kuza muburyo butandukanye, urashobora kuyifata intambwe uhindura imiterere yimpapuro. Tekereza gukoresha amashusho ya kuki kugirango ukore imiterere yihariye kubisanduku, nkibiti bya Noheri, kanes, cyangwa shelegi. Ibi byiyongera kubisobanuro birashimishije bizanezeza uyakira kandi bigatuma impano zitabagirana.

 

4. Diy Style: Niba wumva ufite amayeri, tekereza kongeramo flair ya diy mu gupakira kuki. Niba ari igishushanyo mbonera cyintoki, glitter na sequine, cyangwa akabati gato, aya makuru make arashobora kongeramo igikundiro na kamere yimpano yawe. Byongeye, ni inzira nziza yo kwerekana guhanga kwawe kandi yerekana abakunzi bawe washyize ibitekerezo n'imbaraga zidasanzwe mu mpano zabo.

 

5. Ubutumwa bwihariye: Hanyuma, ntimwibagirwe gushyiramo ubutumwa bwihariye muri Cook Wiful. Niba ari ubutumwa buvuye ku mutima, urwenya rusekeje cyangwa igisigo cyitwa Noheri, ubutumwa bwihariye buzakongeramo ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukunda impano yawe. Nibimenyetso bito bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye kandi byerekana uwakiriye uko witayeho.

 

Byose muri byose, kuki za Noheri ni umuco ukunda uzana umunezero no kuryoshya muminsi mikuru. Urashobora gutuma izi mpano zidasanzwe kandi zitaziba kubantu bawe bahitamo agasanduku k'impano zabo. Byaba binyuze ku byihariye, ibicumuro byihariye, diy akora ku mutima cyangwa ubutumwa bwihariye, hari inzira zitabarika, hari inzira zitabarika zo kongeramo umuntu ku giti cye. Shaka rero guhanga, kwinezeza no gukwirakwiza ibiruhuko bishimishije,gupakira neza Noheri.

 


Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-19-2023
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