Iterambere ryigihe kizaza cyo gupakira

Iterambere ryigihe kizaza cyo gupakira

Icya mbere, gushiraho ibishyapaki yamashanyarazi Gupakira

1. Genda icyatsi

Koresha byuzuye imyanda kugirango utange ibishyapaki yamashanyarazi ibikoresho byo gupakira, kandi utezimbere cyane gupakira ibintupaki yamashanyarazi ibikoresho.

Mu myaka yashize, ibihugu by’amahanga byashyigikiye byimazeyo gutunganya imyanda, kandi ibisubizo byayo biratangaje. Biravugwa ko ibikoresho byo gupakira E-cubeTM biherutse gukorwa n’isosiyete yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika E-Tech bikozwe mu mpapuro zangiza imyanda, nk’imiterere ya kare, ishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byangiritse nk’amagi bitagenda mu gasanduku kandi bikarinda guturika. Ugereranije nifuro, E-cubes iroroshye gukoresha nkuzuza, irashobora kuzuzwa nibicuruzwa byuburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, birashobora gukoreshwa, kubora kandi ntibishobora kwangiza. Isosiyete ya LongView iherutse gushyira ahagaragara umufuka wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wo gupakira impapuro zipakurura hamwe nigitoki gishobora gucapishwa amabara atatu kugeza kuri ane kandi bigakorwa mu mifuka yimyenda yubukorikori, igabanijwemo ubukorikori, ihumanye nandi mabara. Nubwo igiciro cyiyi mifuka ihenze kuruta imifuka ya pulasitike, inzinguzingo ya serivisi ni ndende kandi irashobora guhangana nayo. Isosiyete ya Biocope yo muri Amerika ni isosiyete ikora ibintu hamwe n’isosiyete ikora ibintu bya biodecomposition, iherutse gushyira ahagaragara igikombe cy’amazi cya mbere gikozwe mu bikoresho bya polymer polymer cyinjijwe mu ngano. Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe bwa mbere mu mikino Olempike ya Sydney, kandi byatangijwe ku isoko ry’Amerika kandi byakiriwe neza. Isosiyete yavuze ko ibintu bifatika by’igikombe bikozwe muri ibi bikoresho bishya bishobora kugereranywa n’ibya peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli, ariko kubera ko ikomoka ku bimera kandi ishobora kubora burundu, imikorere y’ibidukikije ntishobora guhuzwa na peteroli- ishingiye kuri plastiki. Irashobora kujugunywa hamwe n’imyanda y'ibiribwa itavuwe, kandi igikombe gishobora kumenwa mu mazi, dioxyde de carbone hamwe n’ibinyabuzima hamwe na hamwe.paki yamashanyarazi imyanda y'ibiryo.

Intambwe ya 2 Itandukanye

Muri iki gihe, abantu bakeneye ibyo kurya birahinduka mu cyerekezo cyo gutandukanya ibintu byinshi no gutandukana, bityo gutunganya ibiribwa byashora imari mu guteza imbere imirongo y’ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bigendanwa, ubusanzwe biteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya bipakira bifata imyaka 2, none kimwe cya kabiri gusa mwaka, ibicuruzwa birashobora gutondekwa. Ibi birerekana neza ko inganda zipakira zitezimbere ubwoko bushya nibicuruzwa bishya vuba kandi mugihe gito. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bipakira byiyemeje guha abaguzi ibintu byoroshyepaki yamashanyarazi gupakira. Dukurikije uko abaturage babiteganya, mu 2020, ibihugu byinshi bizinjira mu muryango ugeze mu za bukuru, amasosiyete apakira ibintu azirikana byimazeyo ibyo abaguzi bageze mu za bukuru bakeneye kugira ngo babone ibicuruzwa bipfunyika, batangira guteza imbere ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bahuze n'ibiranga sosiyete ishaje mu bihe biri imbere, nka hamwe na zipper igifuniko, byoroshye gufungura icyuma cyo hejuru hejuru, gukurura urutoki kabiri.

Kugirango dukore ibipfunyikapaki yamashanyarazi byoroshye kandi byiza, byoroshye gufungura no kubika, ibigo bikomeje kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bishya bipfunyika ibiryo ku isoko. Ibicuruzwa. Polypropilene / acetaldehyde vinyl alcool / ibikoresho bya polypropilene bikoreshwa kumupaka wibiryo bito, kuburyo byoroshye gufungura; Ibiryo byihuta byapakiwe muri firime ya Juku hanyuma bigakorerwa ku masahani akozwe mu ikarito ya sulfate ikarishye, ishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo guteka kwaho mu bihe byashize, bisaba akazi kenshi kandi bifite ireme, kandi birashobora no kuramba. Isahani ikozwe mu kibaho cya sulfate ikomeye yometseho amavuta arwanya amavuta ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw'itanura ryo guteka kimwe no gukonjesha nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ubushyuhe buke. Mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’abaguzi, gufungura ubujurapaki yamashanyarazi gupakira bikunda gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye. Ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikorerwamo ibya farumasi byafashe iyambere mugukoresha ibipfunyika byo kurwanya ubujura. Ubu bwoko bwo gupakira neza kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bukoreshwa no mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, amata, ibinyobwa n’ibindi bipfunyika.

3. Gupakira byoroshye

Ibicuruzwa 20% byabaguzi kumasoko uyumunsi biza guhindukapaki yamashanyarazi gupakira. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, icapiro rya flexo ryagize 75% by'isoko rya firime ibikoresho byo gupakira byoroshye muri Amerika mu 1996, 85% mu 2000, na 95% mu 2002. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko isoko ryo gupakira ibintu byoroshye muri Amerika ari inganda zingana na miliyari 20 z'amadolari, zingana na 17% by'isoko ryose ripakira ingana na miliyari 114 z'amadolari y'Amerika, rikaba urwego rwa kabiri runini mu isoko ryo gupakira, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byo mu mpapuro zo muri Amerika bitunganya isoko ry’inganda zipakira byoroshye biracyari binini. Inganda zipakira zoroshye zifite ahantu henshi ho gukura nko kugabanya imiyoboro yububiko, imifuka yoroshye ya germiside, imifuka ihagaze hamwe nugupakira ibiryo.

Amasoko atatu manini yo gupakira yoroheje afite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere mugihe kizaza: Icya mbere, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bushya, muri iki gihe kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibikomoka ku buhinzi bikoresha ibicuruzwa byoroshye, ariko icyarimwe, hagaragajwe ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi bizatera imbere mu cyerekezo asepticpaki yamashanyarazi gupakira kubera ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga. Iya kabiri ni imiti, nubwo gupakira blisteri ntabwo ari mubipfunyika byuzuye muburyo bumwe, gusa igice cyo hejuru cya aluminiyumu ya fayili cyangwa kashe yometseho ni iyapaki yamashanyarazi igipimo cyo gupakira, ariko iterambere ryacyo ryihuta. Icya gatatu ni isoko ryibiribwa, kandi isoko ryibiribwa byamatungo nimwe mubintu byingenzi byaranze.

Mu myaka yashize, kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’amacupa ya PET, umubare w’ibikoresho by’ibyuma by’ibinyobwa bidasembuye wagize umubare w’ibinyobwa bidasembuye wagabanutse, uva kuri 55% mu 1991 ugera kuri 48.3% muri 1999, kandi gukoresha amacupa y’ibirahure bifite yagabanutse cyane, kuva kuri 12% yumubare wamacupa y’ibinyobwa mu 1990 ugera kuri 0.8% muri 1999. Gupakira ibinyobwa bidasembuye muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika bigabanijwe neza hagati y’amabati n’amacupa ya PET, ariko amacupa ya PET afite ejo hazaza. Mu bikoresho by’ibinyobwa, amacupa ya PET yazamutse cyane, kuva kuri miliyari 11.4 mu 1992 agera kuri miliyari 24.2 mu 2001. Umubare w’amacupa y’ibirahure wagabanutse uva kuri miliyari 14.2 mu 1992 ugera kuri miliyari 8.2 muri 2001. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kw’imifuka itatu y’ibinyobwa ibicuruzwa bipfunyika nabyo birihuta cyane 4. Kumenyekanisha amakurupaki yamashanyarazi gupakira.

Package puff pastry Uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu byakoreshejwe cyane, nka sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru. Mu rwego rwo kwita ku baguzi,paki yamashanyarazi ibigo bipakira bikunda gukoresha umubare munini wamakuru yerekana ibimenyetso, kuko leta ibisabapaki yamashanyarazi gupakira ibicuruzwa kugirango byandikirwe nibintu byintungamubiri, amabwiriza yo gukoresha, kode yumurongo, bityo sisitemu yo kuranga yerekeza kumajyambere yamakuru menshi-yimikorere

Vuba aha, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze ubushakashatsi bushya bw’umuzunguruko, bushobora kumenya igihe cyangirika cyibiryo runaka cyangwa ibinyobwa runaka. Iki gikoresho gishya cyo kumenya ubuziranenge bwibiribwa kigizwe na sensor na scaneri, ingufu zacyo zituruka kumiraba ya radiyo itangwa na scaneri, ibikoresho nyamukuru bya sensor ni gurş, iyo bipfunyitse ibiryo, bigashyirwa mubisanduku byibiribwa. Mu gutahura, umugenzuzi akeneye gusa kwerekana scaneri ku biryo kugira ngo asohore umurongo wa radiyo, ikimenyetso cy’umurongo wa radiyo gitangwa na scaneri kizatera ibiryo kunyeganyega, kandi muri icyo gihe, umuziki uzerekanwa ku rukuta. cy'agasanduku k'ibiryo, hanyuma kwoherezwa kuri sensor ukoresheje ububiko busanzwe kugirango uhindure urwego rwo kunyeganyega, igihe cyo kunyeganyega n'umuvuduko wa muzika. Igihe cyo kwangirika kwibiribwa byapimwe kirashobora kugenwa mukanya, kandi ibisubizo byo gutahura birasobanutse neza.

5. Sterilepaki yamashanyarazi gupakira

Gutezimbere kurushaho gupakira aseptic bizagabanya gukenera ibikoresho bya firigo. Gupakira Aseptic birashobora kugera kubisubizo kabiri hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga, kubika ibiryo neza, kandi birahenzepaki yamashanyarazi uburyo bwo gupakira. 6. Gupakira byoroheje bizakomeza gutera imbere

Kugabanya ubuziranenge bwo gupakira ni inzira yiterambere ryigihe kizaza. Gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje bipfunyika hamwe n'amabati ya pulasitike n'amacupa aho gukoresha ibirahuri n'ibyuma birashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro byo gutwara.

7. Expresspaki yamashanyarazi gupakira serivisi za e-ubucuruzi bizatera imbere byihuse

Gupakira ni ihuriro ryingenzi mu bwikorezi bwihuse, kandi iterambere ryihuse ryogutanga ibicuruzwa byongereye icyifuzo cyo gupakira. Muri 2015, igihugu cyatanze miliyari 20.67 zo gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuse, hamwe na "kwihangira imirimo, guhanga udushya" bizwi cyane, hazaba hari umubare munini w’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse, ibicuruzwa byacapishijwe ibicuruzwa bizakomeza kugaragara, bizazana amahirwe yiterambere ryiterambere kubikorwa byo gupakira.

8. Ubwengepaki yamashanyarazi gupakira

Hamwe no kugabanuka kwibiciro byibicuruzwa no kunoza imikorere, gupakira ubwenge bizagera ku iterambere ryinshi. Byongeye kandi, abaturage bashishikajwe cyane no kwihaza mu biribwa no gukenera kurinda ibiribwa byangirika bizatanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gukura kw’ibikoresho bipfunyika. Usibye kwongerera igihe cyo kuramba ibiryo, ibinyobwa, imiti nibindi bicuruzwa, ibyo bipfunyika byubwenge nabyo bitwara umutwaro wo kuzamura ibicuruzwa.

9. Kazozapaki yamashanyarazi inganda zipakira zizihutisha iterambere ryokwibanda

Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ripakira ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, umubare w’inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa wageze ku 300.000, muri zo hakaba hari imishinga irenga 20.000 iri hejuru y’ibipimo, naho 90% ni imishinga mito n'iciriritse. Amenshi mu masosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde mu nganda zipakira afite amafaranga yinjiza agera kuri miliyari 2 z'amayero, akaba ari make ugereranije n'umubare rusange w'isoko rya tiriyari y'inganda. Inganda zipakira TOP5 muri Amerika zifite 70% by'isoko, ugereranije n’isoko rikuze, inganda zipakira inganda mu Bushinwa ziracyari hasi cyane. Mu bihe biri imbere, inganda zipakira zizihutisha iterambere ry’ibanze, bizazana uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyobora inganda zipakira kwihutisha guhuza inganda, kugera ku kwaguka no kwagura imigabane ku isoko.

Inzira yiterambere yapaki yamashanyarazi gupakira ibiryo

1. Ibikoresho bya plastiki aho kuba ibindi bikoresho

Ibyinshi mu biryo bishyapaki yamashanyarazi gupakira bishingiye cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi abantu benshi kandi benshi bifuza gukoresha amabati ya pulasitike n’amacupa, bizasimbuza ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure ndetse rimwe na rimwe ibicuruzwa by’icyuma, kubera ko byoroshye kandi bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo gutwara. Ibikoresho byo gupakira fibre gakondo bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi birashoboka cyane gusimbuza burundu selile ni firime ya polypropilene

2. Miniaturisation no gusenya ibipfunyika

Kurugero, i Hangzhou, inganda zokeje zikwirakwiza inkuru yumutuku muto “wakubise miliyoni 30 yu nyundo”. Gakondo ya ياڭ u gakondo itwara igihe kandi ikora cyane. Igikonoshwa kimaze gukurwaho kandi inyama zikozwe mubipaki bito, igurishwa rya ياڭ u ntoya ya Hangzhou ryiyongera miriyoni 30 yu mwaka; Kandi Shanghai ishaje Umujyi God Temple urusengero rwibirungo, imyaka ingahe yo gupakira cyangwa mumaso ishaje, nuwuhe mukobwa uzaba afite igipande kinini cyibishyimbo byumuhanda mumuhanda guhekenya? Gupakira ibinyamisogwe, ntabwo ari 250g, ni 500g ipaki, kuki utakora buri paki ya 10g, 20g cyangwa ibipaki bito inshuro ebyiri bishobora gukoreshwa?

Kurugero, "Umuvinyu ushaje wa Shanghai" wo mu ruganda rukora Ubushinwa rwahinduye isura ishaje maze ufata icyitegererezo cya Shikumen gikungahaye ku muco w’umuco wa Shanghai nkigishushanyo mbonera cyo gupakira hanze, cyahise gikundwa. Ikirangantego cyarimo shokora, kandi buri gice cyacapishijwe ibintu bitandukanye bikurura abantu

3. Ibiryopaki yamashanyarazi igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuyemo ibitekerezo byumuco

Gupakira ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima bifite ibice bitatu n’ibice bitatu hanze, kandi agasanduku gapakira ukwezi kagenda karushaho kuba keza kandi keza cyane uko umwaka utashye, kandi ibintu byo gupakira bikabije biracyari ibicuruzwa bikunzwe cyane mu bukerarugendo. Birakomeye. Gupakira "ibiryo byatsi" mubyukuri nabyo bikoresha ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bitangirika. 4. Igitekerezo cyo gupakira giciriritse no kurengera ibidukikijepaki yamashanyarazi gupakira bizashimangira gukundwa kwamasanduku yapakiye hagati yubucucike, impuguke zerekanye ko ikibaho giciriritse kirimo fordehide, ingaruka za fordehide ku mubiri wumuntu zirazwi, ibikoresho nkibi byangiza ibidukikije? “Nyuma y'isi, inganda zipakira zigomba gusobanukirwa no gupakira ibicuruzwa kuva hejuru y” urukuta rwatsi ”.

Icya gatatu, inganda zipakira zizatera imbere hamwe niterambere ryizindi nganda

Kurugero, inganda zibiribwa, ibicuruzwa byinganda zikenera ibiribwa bikenera gupakira, gupakira bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa byinganda zikora ibiribwa, amanota no kugurisha isoko. Nubwo gupakira ibiryo bidashobora kwerekana ubwiza bwibiryo byibiryo, gupakira neza birashobora kwemeza no kwagura ubuzima bwibiryo, bikongerera igihe cyibiribwa, kandi gupakira neza birashobora kwamamara kubicuruzwa no guha abaguzi imbere. Kubwibyo, ibigo byibiribwa biha agaciro kanini guhitamopaki yamashanyarazi ibicuruzwa bipfunyika, harimo igishushanyo noguhitamo kuzuza, imashini zipakira, ibikoresho byo gupakira no gushushanya.

Hariho inganda nyinshi zinganda zibiribwa, ibicuruzwa bijyanyepaki yamashanyarazi icyifuzo cyo gupakira cyashizeho uburyo runaka, imishinga ijyanye nogupakira igomba gushyira mubikorwa ingamba ziterambere ziterambere binyuze mubushakashatsi bwisoko, harimo imashini zipakira, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibisobanuro bipfunyika nibindi bintu.

Package puff pastry Gupakira bitera imbere hamwe niterambere ryinganda zibiribwa. Ubwa mbere, ibiryo byoroshye, ibiryo byoroshye nigitekerezo cyagutse, ibicuruzwa byayo nibyinganda zitandukanye zinganda zibiribwa, umuvuduko witerambere urihuta cyane, ibisabwa birashobora kuba binini, ubwoko bwabyo, imiterere, ibisobanuro biratandukanye, icyifuzo cyo gupakira inganda, nta gushidikanya ko ari shyashya, ariko kandi nini; Iya kabiri ni ibikomoka ku mata, ibyifuzo byayo ni byinshi, ni inganda z’ibiribwa ziteza imbere inganda zihuse, ariko ibikomoka ku mata bipakira ni ingaragu, ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe ku isoko, cyane cyane itangwa ry’amata y’amazi mu mujyi, gupakira icyifuzo gifite ubushobozi bukomeye; Iya gatatu ni ugutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’uruhande, none uturere twinshi twihutisha kubungabunga no gutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Kugaragara kw'ibiribwa bitari bike byayobora inganda, ariko ibyo bigo bipakira ibicuruzwa

Muri rusange gusubira inyuma, inganda zipakira inganda zikora ibiribwa mumijyi iterambere rizatanga icyizere.

Hamwe noguhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa byinganda zikora ibiribwa no kuzamura ibicuruzwa, ibisabwa bishya nabyo bizashyirwa mubikorwa byo gupakira, icya mbere, ubwiza bwibiryo ndetse n’umutekano w’umutekano, ibisabwa bikenewe cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira n'ibikoresho byo gupakira; Iya kabiri ni ukuzuza, gupakira no kwihuta, ibisobanuro biratandukanye, kandi uharanira kugera kubisanzwe, gutondekanya, hamwe nibisanzwe mubikoresho bipakira hamwe nibikoresho. Icya gatatu ni ukugira ibyangombwa bisabwa muburyo bwo gupakira no gupakira, icya kane nukugira intambwe nshya mugupakira anti-mpimbano, naho icya gatanu ni uguharanira kugabanya ibiciro byo gupakira. Bitewe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu nganda zibiribwa, ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru byibanze ku, nk'amata, inyama, ibikomoka ku mazi yatunganijwe, ibikomoka ku mbuto n'imboga, kubungabunga no gukenera ubuziranenge birakomeye, imashini zipakira bombo hamwe n'ibisabwa gupakira ni byinshi bitandukanye, gupakira no gushushanya ibisabwa birarenze, kandi bimwe mubiryo byo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nibicuruzwa byinshi kubisabwa kugirango birwanye impimbano birarenze.

“Iterambere ryapaki yamashanyarazi inganda zipakira zizakenera iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa kugira ngo zitere imbere, kandi iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa naryo rizakenera inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry’inganda zipakira. ” Isano iri hagati yinganda zipakira nizindi nganda nimwe nki nganda zibiribwa, ziherekejwe niterambere rusange.