Ibintu bifatika bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gupakira byinshi kubisanduku byabigenewe byinshi
Ibintu bifatika bivuga cyane cyane ingaruka zibicuruzwa kumiterere yabyo mugihe cyubuzima bwacyo. Igikorwa cyo kurinda umubiri cyo gupakira agasanduku k'igikombe gakondo ni ugukoresha uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo kurinda umutekano wibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura, kubika no gutwara, kugirango ibicuruzwa bigere aho bijya neza cyangwa kurangiza gukoresha imikorere. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gusesengura neza imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa, kubona ibisabwa byo gukingirwa hamwe namakuru arambuye y’ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ibidukikije by’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibyangiritse mbere yo gukoresha uburyo bwa tekinoloji yo gupakira byinshi mu dusanduku tw’ibikombe. Gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Intego n'uruhare rwo gusesengura imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa bikubiyemo ibintu bitatu: d guteza imbere uburyo bwikoranabuhanga bwo gupakira kandi bushoboka; @ kugera kubipimo bipfunyika, kugirango ibicuruzwa bifite imitungo imwe bikoreshe uburyo bumwe bwo gupakira; gutandukanya ibikoresho byo gupakira, kugabanya ibikorwa byo gupakira no gukoresha ibiciro, kugabanya ibipfunyika n'amafaranga yo gutwara abantu. Isesengura ryimiterere nubukanishi nibiranga ibicuruzwa bifite ibintu byinshi, nkibigize ibikoresho byibicuruzwa, ibintu bifatika byibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byihariye nibindi.
1.ibintu bigize ibintu biranga ibicuruzwa byinshi byamasanduku yabigenewe
Ibigize ibintu biranga ibicuruzwa nibiranga ibintu bisanzwe biranga ibicuruzwa, kandi uwashizeho ibipapuro agomba kubanza gusuzuma ibiranga ibicuruzwa. Ibikoresho bitandukanye mubidukikije byo hanze byangijwe n’ibyangiritse biterwa n’umubiri, imiti, ikirere cyangwa ibinyabuzima, uburyo bwo kwangirika buratandukanye, kandi ibyangiritse ku bicuruzwa bipfunyika biterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije byo hanze nabyo biratandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, ubwinshi bwibikoresho byibicuruzwa bituma bigorana guhitamo ibicuruzwa byogusukura, ibikoresho birinda, ibikoresho byo gupakira imbere, ibikoresho byo kwisiga hamwe nibikoresho byo gupakira hanze.
Ubwoko. Abashinzwe gupakira rero bakeneye kumenya ibyangiritse no gutesha agaciro ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kurinda kandi bagakoresha ubu bumenyi bwibanze bwibanze muburyo bwo gupakira.
2. Ibicuruzwa byinshi byashizwemo udusanduku twibikombe.
Menya ibintu bifatika byibicuruzwa, shushanya ibipfunyika kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byo kurinda ibicuruzwa nibisabwa byihariye byo gusaba. Ibintu byibanze byibicuruzwa birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwimiti, ibyiyumvo byumubiri, ibyiyumvo byo guhangana, guhuza ibintu, imiterere yimiterere, ingano nubwiza, kuvanaho, ubwoko bwimitwaro, igiciro cyibicuruzwa nibindi. 1, Ibyiyumvo byumubiri byo guhungabana, kunyeganyega nizindi ngaruka zo hanze Ubuvanganzo bushobora gutera kwangirika kwumubiri cyangwa imikorere mibi yibicuruzwa. Urebye kubipfunyika, isesengura ryintege nke yibicuruzwa ahanini bivuga guhungabana, kunyeganyega nibindi bintu.
Ibyangiritse, imirasire yumurima, amashanyarazi yumuriro, umurima wa electrostatike nindi mirima yo hanze irashobora kwangiza ibicuruzwa.
(1)Ubuso bwubuso busaba kurinda byimazeyo ubuso bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, hejuru y’amazi adafite amazi, hejuru yindorerwamo
(2)Guhinda umushyitsi no kunyeganyega uhereye kubitekerezo byo gukuramo
Kurinda,agasanduku k'igikombe gakondoabapakira ibipfunyika bagomba kumva neza ibiranga ibicuruzwa, harimo imiterere, ingano n’aho biherereye hagati ya gravit, mass na inertia kubijyanye na axe-eshatu, ubwikorezi, umwanya wumuvuduko, ingingo zifatika hamwe nu mwanya wo guterura, agaciro koroheje, karemano inshuro, n'ibindi
Agaciro koroheje, kazwi kandi nka brittleness, nigiciro ntarengwa cyo kwihuta ibicuruzwa bishobora kwihanganira bitarinze kwangiza umubiri cyangwa imikorere kandi mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nkubwinshi bwihuta bwingufu, G. Agaciro koroheje nanone kazwi nkubugome. Imbonerahamwe 2-1 mubisirikare bya Amerika MIL HDBK 304 yerekana agaciro k'ibicuruzwa
Iyo ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro keza, nubushobozi bwabyo bwo kurwanya imbaraga zo hanze, bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gushushanya. Agaciro kemewe koroheje [G nigiciro cyemewe cyo kwihuta kwibicuruzwa, byerekanwe hashingiwe kubintu nkagaciro, imbaraga nakamaro k’ibicuruzwa, biri munsi cyangwa bihwanye nuburinganire busanzwe. Mugihe utegura ibipfunyika bikurura, amplitude ntarengwa yo kwihuta kwibicuruzwa bigomba kuba munsi y agaciro kemewe.
(3)Imbaraga zumurima wo hanze zirashobora kwangiza cyane ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe, ndetse nimpanuka zikomeye.
Kubidasanzweibicuruzwa nkibicuruzwa byangiza, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byuzuye nibindi bicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga buhanitse, abashushanya ibicuruzwa byinshi kubisanduku byabigenewe byabigenewe bagomba kumva neza ibyiyumvo byabo kumbaraga ziva hanze kandi bagafata ingamba zifatika zo kurinda ibyo gupakira.
3. Imbaraga no gucika intege
Imbaraga bivuga ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa byo kurwanya ihinduka ryinshi cyangwa kumeneka. Imbaraga nintege nke byibicuruzwa bigena ibisabwa nurwego rwo kurinda ibicuruzwa. Kubijyanye nimbaraga no gucika intege, ibicuruzwa birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ibicuruzwa byoroshye, ibicuruzwa byuzuye nibicuruzwa birwanya ibicuruzwa, nibicuruzwa birwanya birashobora kugabanywa mubicuruzwa byoroshye birwanya ibicuruzwa byoroshye. Ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi byuzuye nibyo byibandwaho cyane mukurinda impanuka.
Guhuza ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa, no guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bipakira, nibyingenzi mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa.
Guhuza ibikoresho Ibikoresho byinshi ibikoresho (harimo ibikoresho byo kwisiga) bihura neza nibicuruzwa, kandi ibintu bifatika byibikoresho byombi bigomba guhuzwa kugirango wirinde ingaruka zumubiri inzoga zikunze kugira. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byinshi byo kwisiga bitanga amashanyarazi ahamye mugihe uhuye nikibazo no kunyeganyega, cyangwa igiheYashizweho udusandukuni byinshi-byuzuye kugirango wirinde guterana hamwe nibikoresho byuma. Iyo ayo mashanyarazi ya electrostatike yubatse kugeza ahantu runaka, ntashobora kubyara ibishashi kandi ashobora no gukurura umukungugu cyangwa ibindi bintu.
4. Ibiranga imiterere ningingo zo gusenya bigena uburyo ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe kandi bigashyigikirwa, hamwe nubwoko nubunini bwimyenda iri mumasanduku.
Ibice bya convex hamwe nu mfuruka zikarishye byibicuruzwa bisaba kurindwa bidasanzwe, kandi ibipimo byabyo, ubwinshi nogukwirakwiza, hagati yububasha, nibindi ntibigira ingaruka gusa muguhitamo no gushushanya ibikoresho byo gupakira ibicuruzwa byinshi kubisanduku byabigenewe, ariko binatera ingorane mukurinda ipaki. Mubyongeyeho, kugirango byorohereze gupakira, kubika no gutwara, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byo gupakira no gutwara abantu. Gufatanya no guhuza ibikorwa hagati yabashushanyaga ibicuruzwa n'abashushanya ibicuruzwa byinshi byapakiye ibisanduku byabigenewe bifasha gukemura ibyo bibazo. Mbere yo gutegura ibipapuro byibicuruzwa bigendanwa, abapakira ibicuruzwa bakeneye kumenya niba aho ibicuruzwa bizakoreshwa bifite ibikoresho nkenerwa, ibikoresho nubushobozi bwa tekinike yo guteranya umusaruro.
5. Fata ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byinshi byigikombe
Ubwoko bw'imizigo bivuga gukwirakwiza imitwaro ku bicuruzwa bipakiye, bikozwe iyo ibicuruzwa bipakiye. Ukurikije ubwoko bwimitwaro, ibicuruzwa birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: byoroshye kwikorera, bigoye kwikorera hamwe nu mutwaro wo hagati. Ibicuruzwa byoroshye-kwikorera byitwa ibicuruzwa byoroshye-kwikorera ibicuruzwa. Bafite ubucucike bumwe, ubunini busanzwe kandi byoroshye gupakira. Mubisanzwe, imbere, hanze na pallet bipfunyika bikoreshwa. Hagati yuburemere bwibicuruzwa byapakiwe ni kuri geometrike hagati yikintu gipakira. Ibicuruzwa bitoroshye-kwikorera ibicuruzwa byerekanwa nkibicuruzwa bigoye-kwikorera ibicuruzwa niba igabanywa ryinshi ridasa, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ubunini budasanzwe ntibishobora kuzuza neza ibikoresho bipfunyika cyangwa bidafite ubuso busobanutse mubikoresho bipakira. Niba inkunga idasanzwe hamwe na tekinoroji ya tekinoroji idakoreshwa muburyo bwo gupakira, guhangayika bishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara, bishobora kwangiza ibipfunyika. Hagati yuburemere bwibicuruzwa bigoye kwikorera nyuma yo gupakira mubisanzwe ntabwo biri hagati ya geometrike yikintu gipakira, kandi ibikoresho bipakira bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyikimenyetso cya rukuruzi mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara bikurikije amabwiriza kugirango habeho gupakira neza , gupakurura no gukora. Ibicuruzwa bifite uburemere buciriritse biri hagati yoroheje-yikoreza kandi bigoye-kwikorera ibicuruzwa, nkibikombe n'ibinyobwa byacupa.
6. Igiciro cyibicuruzwa kubisanduku byigikombe cyihariye
Igiciro cyibicuruzwa nibintu byingenzi bishushanya kubapakira ibikoresho. Ku ruhande rumwe, abapakira ibicuruzwa bakeneye gukoresha igiciro gito cyo gupakira kugirango babone ibisabwa byo kurinda ibicuruzwa; kurundi ruhande, niba urufunguzo cyangwa ibyingenzi byingenzi byangiritse, birashobora kuvamo igihombo kinini, kandi igiciro cyibicuruzwa ntikizaba ikintu cyingenzi .... Soma ibikurikira
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe kandi byabigenewe Kugirango bigerweho neza mubipfunyika, ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyirwa mubyiciro biranga umubiri. Ibicuruzwa bifite ibintu bimwe cyangwa bisa nibiranga umubiri na chimique nkibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu byiciro byitwa ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, kandi ibyo bicuruzwa bishya mubisanzwe bipakirwa ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo gutekera ibikombe bisanzwe. Ibicuruzwa bidafite ibintu bisa cyangwa bisa nkibintu byumubiri nubumara nkibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu byiciro byitwa ibicuruzwa byabigenewe, kandi ibyo bicuruzwa bigomba kubipakira mbere yo kubipakira, kandi ibishushanyo birambuye hamwe nibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba gutangwa.
Ibicuruzwa byinshi byeguriwe ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe mubicuruzwa byihariye birimo ibicuruzwa byangiza nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki
1. Ibicuruzwa biteje akaga
Ibicuruzwa biturika, byaka, uburozi, bikora radio, nibindi, kandi birashobora guteza impanuka nimpanuka byangiritse mugihe cyo gutwara, gupakira, gupakurura no kubika, kandi bisaba uburinzi bwihariye, byitwa ibicuruzwa biteje akaga. Igipimo cy’igihugu CB6944 "Gutondekanya no gushyira ibicuruzwa mu kaga" bigabanya ibicuruzwa biteje akaga mu byiciro icyenda.
Intego nyamukuru yo gupakira ibicuruzwa biteje akaga ni ukurinda ibyangiritse bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha ibicuruzwa biteje akaga. Ubwinshi bwimiterere yibicuruzwa biteje akaga ubwabyo nibintu bitandukanye bidukikije byo hanze. Imbunda yimbunda, kurugero, irashobora kuba igizwe nibintu bitandukanye, bimwe muribi byangiza ibidukikije. Bamwe bumva bafite ubwoba, bamwe batera ubwoba, abandi bakamurika, ubushyuhe, amashanyarazi ahamye, nibindi. Mugihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura, gutwara no kubika, ibintu bitandukanye bishobora guteza ingaruka mubidukikije, bitera ingorane zikomeye mugupakira ibicuruzwa biteje akaga. Ubwoko butandukanye bwamasasu, ifu yimbunda na pyrotechnics munganda zokwirwanaho ni ibintu byaka kandi biturika. Gupakira ntigomba kwemeza gusa umutekano wibicuruzwa, ariko kandi igomba no kubika neza igihe kirekire, guhuza n'imikorere no koroshya imikoreshereze yibicuruzwa. Gupakira ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kubahiriza "Amabwiriza agenga gutwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga biteje akaga ku nyanja" yatanzwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wo mu nyanja.
Kubungabunga.
Ibicuruzwa bya mikorobe
Microelectronics nibicuruzwa byihariye nkibice bitandukanye binini byuzuzanya byuzuzanya, imbaho zuzuzanya hamwe nibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya optique-mashini na mashanyarazi. Ntabwo zumva gusa ubushuhe n'ingese, ahubwo ziratungurwa no guhinda umushyitsi. Bumva kandi cyane ingaruka zituruka hanze. Ingaruka zijyanye nimbaraga zumurima. Kurinda no kurinda amashanyarazi ya electronique, imirima ya electrostatike hamwe nimirasire yimirasire nibyingenzi cyane mumikorere nubuzima bwibicuruzwa. Kurinda ibice nigipimo cyingenzi kugirango wizere kwizerwa nubuzima bwibikoresho byose, kandi ubu burinzi bugomba kuba bwuzuye kandi bwizewe. Mubikorwa byose byibicuruzwa, uhereye kubigize kugeza guterana mubice cyangwa ibice hamwe no guteranya ibice mubicuruzwa, uburangare ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kurinda ibicuruzwa birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye bikaviramo igihombo kinini.
Amashanyarazi ya electrostatike yerekana ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoronike bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2-3. Kumva amashanyarazi ahamye bivuga urwego ibicuruzwa byangijwe n amashanyarazi ahamye. Ingano y’ibyago bya electrostatike, cyangwa ubukana bwangirika bwa electrostatique, biterwa nurwego rwo kwiyubaka (voltage ya electrostatike) hamwe na electrostatike yibicuruzwa byangiza amashanyarazi. Iyo hejuru ya voltage ya electrostatike, niko ibyangiritse. Iyo hejuru ya electrostatike yibicuruzwa byibicuruzwa, niko byoroshye kwangirika kwa electrostatike.
Ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse bihindura gusa imiterere yumubiri mugihe cyo kuzenguruka, bitaremye ibintu bishya. Imihindagurikire yubucucike, ibara, ububengerane, impumuro, gusaza, sublimation, guhindagurika, kubora, gushonga, ingufu zitetse, plastike, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya optique, nibindi byose birashobora gupimwa. Ibi byose birashobora gupimwa nibyumviro byabantu nkururimi, ururimi numubiri, cyangwa nibikoresho byubushakashatsi. Mbere na nyuma yimpinduka zifatika zakozwe mubicuruzwa bipfunyitse, ubwoko na kamere yibicuruzwa byapakiwe ntabwo byagenwe. Hano, turerekana cyane cyane leta eshatu zihindura udusanduku twinshi two kugurisha ibikombe, gucengera hamwe na seepage, ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nubukanishi bwubushyuhe bufatika, impinduka mumashanyarazi na optique, hamwe nimpinduka zikoreshwa (imbaraga), nibindi.
Ikintu cyo gusesa ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na hygroscopicity, solubible water hamwe na hygroscopique. Hygroscopicity yerekana ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa byo gukurura no kurekura ubuhehere, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri, nkibintu byamazi yabuza amazi, ibintu bigoramye hamwe nububyimba. Amazi yogushushanya yerekana umutungo wububiko kugirango ushonge mumazi yinjiye kandi uhinduke amazi. Ingingo ya hygroscopique yerekana agaciro ugereranije nubushuhe aho ibicuruzwa bitangira gukurura ubushuhe mubushuhe bumwe nubushuhe. Niba umuvuduko uhoraho, nkuko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buzamuka, ingingo ya hygroscopique igenda igabanuka gahoro gahoro, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byinjira neza kandi bigashonga. Nubwo ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, nka potasiyumu sulfate, potasiyumu perchlorate, nibindi, bifite amazi meza cyane, imikoreshereze yabyo ni ntege nke cyane, kubwibyo ntibyoroshye gushonga mugihe cy'ubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe. Hariho kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, nk'uruhu, impapuro, ipamba, sponge, kole y'amatafari, n'ibindi, nubwo, nubwo bifite hygroscopique nyinshi, bidashonga mumazi bityo ntibishonga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni mugihe igicuruzwa gifite hygroscopique nyinshi kandi gishobora gukama neza amazi niho gishobora gushonga buhoro buhoro ahantu h’ubushuhe kandi amaherezo kigashonga burundu mumazi. Ubushuhe bugereranije bwikirere bugira ingaruka zikomeye kurwego rwo gushonga. Niba ubuhehere bugereranije buri hasi cyane, ndetse byoroshye gushonga ibicuruzwa bifite hygroscopique nyinshi hamwe nubwiherero bwamazi ntibyoroshye gushonga, kandi imiterere yubushyuhe buke cyane ugereranije nubutayu bwumye, ntibemerera ibicuruzwa gushonga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-12-2023
