Ubushinwa Itariki yo gupakira agasanduku

Muri iki gihe, amakarito akoreshwa mu nzego zose, kandi inganda zitandukanye zifite ubunini butandukanye busabwa. Ntakibazo cyaba uruganda cyangwa inganda, umubare munini wamakarito urakenewe kugirango uhindurwe buri mwaka.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku.Kurema umwimerere na kamere muburyo bwo gupakira, ibishushanyo nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kwerekana. Bakina uruhare rwumucuruzi, kugeza ibikubiye mubipfunyika kubakoresha binyuze mumashusho, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kubona. Irashobora gukurura abakiriya kandi ikabyara ubushake bwo kugura.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Ibishushanyo byo gupakira birashobora gukusanyirizwa muburyo butatu: ibishushanyo bifatika, ibishushanyo mbonera-bishushanyo mbonera. Bifitanye isano cyane nibirimo gupakira, kugirango ibiranga ibicuruzwa bitangwe neza. Bitabaye ibyo, ntabwo izaba ifite ibisobanuro kandi ntishobora guhuzwa nabantu. Kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose no kudategereza ko kizagira ingaruka nicyo kizaba kinini cyo kunanirwa kubipakira. Muri rusange, niba ibicuruzwa ari physiologique cyane, nko kurya no kunywa, noneho hazibandwa cyane ku gukoresha ibishushanyo bifatika; niba ibicuruzwa ari psychologique, ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa igice cya beto bizakoreshwa.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,ibishushanyo byo gupakira bifitanye isano nababigenewe, cyane cyane abatarengeje imyaka 30. Mugihe utegura ibicuruzwa bipfunyika ibicuruzwa, ugomba kubyitaho neza kugirango ibishushanyo mbonera byapakiwe byamenyekanye nintego yo kujurira kandi bigere kubyo bigenewe.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku. Kwororoka kw'ibicuruzwa birashobora gutuma abakiriya bumva neza ibiri muri paki kugirango batange ingaruka ziboneka n'ingaruka zifuzwa, mubisanzwe ukoresheje ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ibishushanyo bifatika bifatika. Kurugero, mubipfunyika ibiryo, kugirango hagaragazwe uburyohe bwibiryo, amafoto yibyo kurya akunze gucapishwa kubipfunyika byibicuruzwa kugirango arusheho gushimisha abaguzi no gutera ubushake bwo kugura.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,"Gukora ku mashusho n'amarangamutima" bivuze ko ibintu bitera uburambe mubuzima hamwe nibitekerezo n'amarangamutima. Ikoresha amarangamutima nkigikoresho cyo kuva mubintu bikajya mubindi, uhereye kumiterere yikintu kimwe ukagera kukindi kintu. Muri rusange, ushingiye ahanini kubiranga isura yibicuruzwa, ingaruka ziranga ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa, ibisigaye no gukoresha imiterere yibicuruzwa, ibigize ibicuruzwa nibigize ibipfunyika, inkomoko yibicuruzwa .

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Igishushanyo cyiza cyo gupakira gituma abantu babikunda, bakagishima, kandi bigatuma abantu bashaka kukigura. Iki kintu gituma abantu bameze nkingaruka yikigereranyo ituruka mubipfunyika. Igikorwa cyibimenyetso ni ugutanga ibitekerezo. Nubwo badatanga ibitekerezo cyangwa muburyo bwihariye, imikorere yigitekerezo irakomeye kandi rimwe na rimwe irenze imvugo ifatika. Kurugero, muburyo bwo gupakira ikawa, ibicapo bipfunyika bishushanya ubwiza bwa kawa. Irerekana kandi ko abasore n'inkumi ari ibinyobwa byingirakamaro mu mibanire y'urukundo n'amatariki, kugirango bakurura abaguzi.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite ibyifuzo bitandukanye na kirazira kubishushanyo mbonera: Ibihugu bya kisilamu bibuza ibishushanyo byingurube, inyenyeri esheshatu, umusaraba, imibiri yabantu, hamwe nintoki nkibishushanyo mbonera, kandi nkinyenyeri eshanu n’ibishushanyo mbonera; Abayapani bemeza ko indabyo za lotus Ntamahirwe, imbwebwe ni umunyamayeri n'umururumba, kandi ishusho ya chrysanthemum cumi na itandatu ikoreshwa ku cyami cy'Ubuyapani ntikwiriye gupakira. Bakunda uruziga hamwe nuburabyo bwa kirisi; Abongereza bagereranya ihene n'abagabo batigometse, kandi bafata isake nk'ibintu biteye isoni, inzovu ntacyo zimaze kandi zirakaze, kandi ntizishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibishushanyo mbonera, ariko ingabo zikingira ingabo na oak; Singapore izwi cyane ku isi nk'Intare kandi ikunda ibishushanyo by'intare; ibishushanyo by'imbwa bituruka muri Tayilande, Afuganisitani, Birazira mu bihugu bya kisilamu muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru; Abafaransa bemeza ko ibinyomoro bidafite amahirwe, kandi igishusho ni ikimenyetso cyicyunamo; Abanya Nikaragwa n'Abanyakoreya bemeza ko inyabutatu idahiriwe, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibishushanyo mbonera; abantu bamwe bo muri Hong Kong bafata inkoko nkibisobanuro byindaya. Kubwibyo, ntibikwiriye kubishushanyo byo gupakira.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku, Bitandukanye nimpapuro, ikarito ikarito ikorwa mukubanza gutunganya impapuro zifatizo zifatanije muburyo bukonjeshejwe, hanyuma ugakoresha ibifatika kugirango uhuze ubuso hamwe nigice cyo hagati cyometse kumpande zombi, kuburyo igice cyo hagati cyikarito gifite imiterere yubusa. Ifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera, no kuramba. Imbaraga zo guturika ziturika, nibindi. Bitewe nimiterere yihariye, ubu irakoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa, kandi gucapa mu buryo butaziguye ku mpapuro zacometse byahindutse uburyo rusange bwo gucapa ibikoresho byo gupakira.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Mu myaka yashize, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika, ikarito ya ultra-thin na super-ikomeye cyane ikarito ikarito yigaruriye bucece amasoko menshi yamakarito, kubera ko afite ibintu byiza bifatika ndetse no gucapa amakarito yikarito hamwe namakarito yuzuye. Ugereranije n'ikarito gakondo yuzuye, ifite ibiranga imbaraga nziza, imbaraga zikomeye, imbaraga nziza, kuzigama ibikoresho, uburemere bworoshye, ningaruka nziza zo gucapa. Ugereranije n'ikarito gakondo ikarito, ikarito ya micro-karugari ifite ibiranga imyironge mito, gukomera cyane, imiterere yoroheje, ikomeye kandi iringaniye, ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye, birwanya umuvuduko mwiza, kandi birashobora gucapurwa neza na mashini yo gucapa. Mubihe byashize, byashoboraga gucapwa gusa kuri plaque. Igikorwa cyo gukora icapiro ritaziguye kumashini icapura hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro icapiro mbere hanyuma ugashyira kumashini ya offset yandika byoroshya inzira, bigabanya umusaruro, kandi bikazamura umusaruro.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Ikibaho gikoreshwa cyane muri micro-gikonjesha harimo F-ubwoko (0,75mm), G-ubwoko (0.5mm), N-ubwoko (0.46mm), O-bwoko (0.3mm), nibindi, byose bigizwe nibice bitatu , aribyo impapuro zo hejuru, impapuro zingenzi nimpapuro zo hasi. . Muri icyo gihe, ikarito ya micro-ikarito nayo ifite ibintu bikurikira:

(1)Imbaraga nyinshi, zishobora kuzamura imikorere yo kurinda ibicuruzwa, kandi zikomeye 40% kuruta ikarito yuzuye;

(2)Uburemere bworoshye, 40% byoroshye kuruta ikarito yuzuye, na 20% byoroshye kuruta ikarito yashizwemo%;

(3)Ubuso bworoshye, ibishushanyo byiza, amabara meza, n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kureba.

 

1. Ihame ryo gucapisha offset nibisabwa kugirango icapiro ryamakarito

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mugucapura amakarito arimo amakarito arimo icapiro rya flexografiya, icapiro rya gravure hamwe na offset yo gucapura impapuro zo hejuru hanyuma hanyuma ukamurika. Muri byo, icapiro rya flexografiya niryo rikoreshwa cyane, ariko icapiro ryukuri ntabwo riri hejuru cyane. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gucapura gusa amakarito yo mu rwego rwo hasi yo mu rwego rwo hasi, mugihe icapiro rya gravure hamwe na offset icapiro byombi byabanjirije gucapa, ni ukuvuga, gucapa ibice mbere hanyuma bigacapwa Nubwo kuvura guhuza bishobora kugera ku bwiza bwiza, inzira iragoye kandi igiciro ni kinini. Kubwibyo, gucapisha offset kumurongo wikarito ni inzira nshya ikurikiranwa ninganda zo gupakira no gucapa. Kugeza ubu KBA Rapida 105 na Manroland 700 na 900 birashobora guhita bisiba ibyapa ku ikarito ya micro-karugari, kandi ubwiza bwo gucapa bushobora kugera kurwego rwo hejuru cyane.

 

China itariki yo gupakira agasanduku,Icapiro rya Offset rikoresha amategeko karemano yo kudasobanuka kwamavuta namazi. Ku isahani yo gucapa iri hafi yindege imwe, ishusho nibice byanditse bikurura wino gusa, naho igice cyambaye amazi gusa. Ishusho hamwe na wino byanditse byimurirwa muri substrate binyuze mu kiringiti. . Bitewe nuburyo bwo hejuru bwo kugarura amashusho hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubyara amabara, icapiro rya offset kuri ubu ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bukoreshwa muburyo bwa tekiniki. Kugeza ubu, ifite ibice birenga 50% byo gucapa mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane gucapa impapuro. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryogupakira ibicuruzwa, icapiro rya flexografiya, icapiro rya gravure, hamwe nicapiro rya ecran ryateye imbere cyane, mugihe umuvuduko witerambere hamwe numubare wo gucapa offset wagabanutse.

 

Kugeza ubu, kubera intambwe imaze guterwa mu buhanga bwo gucapa bwa offset yo gucapa ku mpapuro ziciriritse, inzira yo gucapa ya offset izongera kubyuka. Mu rwego rwibisanduku bya karito ya fibre gakondo, nka vino, ibikoresho bito, inkweto, ibikoresho byuma, microelectronics, software ya mudasobwa, kwerekana ibicuruzwa, ibiryo byihuse, nibindi, icapiro rya offset ryatangiye guhangana nizindi nganda kubera gucapa neza ubuziranenge. Ikarito gakondo yuzuye ikarito irushanwa ku isoko.

 

Nyamara, igisubizo cyamasoko gikoreshwa mugucapisha offset (igisubizo cyisoko gikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango igice cyigice cyicapiro gisukure, kandi igice kinini cyibisubizo byamazi ni amazi), bigatuma inzira yo gucapa ya offset igorana cyane. Kuvanga wino namazi bizabyara emulisiyasi ya wino, bizatera impapuro gufata amazi, guhindura, no guhindura imbaraga zayo, bizagira ingaruka kumabara, ubwiza, no kumisha wino. Kubwibyo, kugenzura kuringaniza wino biba ingenzi cyane. Niba umubare w'amazi ari munini cyane, wino izarenza urugero, yumisha izatinda, kandi ibara riroroha. By'umwihariko, ikarito ikonjeshejwe izakuramo amazi menshi, azagabanya imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa n'imbaraga zo hejuru, ndetse bishobora no gutuma isenyuka munsi yigitutu cyo gucapa.

 

Nkuko ingano yikarito yiyongera, guhindura impapuro zo hejuru nimpapuro zimbere ntibihuye, bigatuma gucapa bikwiranye. Kubwibyo, ingano yamazi yo kugenzura icapiro rya karito ikarishye irakomeye kuruta icapiro risanzwe. Niba kandi ingano ya wino ari nini cyane, ibibazo nko kwagura akadomo, guhuza ibice, no gusiga bizabaho. Kubwibyo, irangi na wino bigomba kugenzurwa mugihe cyo gucapa, cyane cyane ubwinshi bwamazi.

 

Icapiro rya offset itaziguye ku ikarito ikarishye bisaba uburemere bworoshye kuruta impapuro zisanzwe muburyo bwo kugenzura igitutu. Kubera ko ikarito yo hagati ikarito yikarito irimo ubusa, niba igitutu ari kinini, amakosa nko kwagura akadomo no guhuza ibice bizabaho. Muri icyo gihe, hazabaho "gukaraba", kandi mugihe gikomeye, guhonyora bizaba. Kubwibyo, kugenzura igitutu bigomba kuba bisobanutse neza.

 

Bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe hamwe nibisabwa bidasanzwe byikarito ikonjeshejwe, ubu bwoko bwimashini icapura ya offset muri rusange ikoresha igipangu kidasanzwe cya reberi hamwe no kwikomeretsa neza hamwe nubukomere runaka, kuburyo butandukanye bwo kwikuramo ibice byikarito yikarito bishobora kwishyurwa binyuze muri compression. Guhindura ikiringiti. imikorere no guhindura imikorere kugirango tunoze ubuziranenge bwo gucapa.

 

2. Ingaruka zo gucapa offset kumacapiro yikarito

 

(1) Ingaruka ku mbaraga z'ikibaho

 

Umuvuduko mwinshi wo gucapura offset bizagabanya imbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito; gukoresha igisubizo cyamasoko bizagabanya imbaraga zubuso nimbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito kubera kwinjiza amazi.

 

(2) Ikintu cyo gukaraba

 

Ikibaho cyo gukaraba nikibazo gikunze kugaragara mubicapiro bikarito. Iyi phenomenon irashobora kubaho mugihe igitutu nubunini bwa wino bidashobora kugenzurwa neza mugihe cyo gucapa.

 

(3) Uburinganire bwa wino na wino

 

Mucapisha ya offset, ingaruka nini kumiterere ni uburinganire bwa wino na wino. By'umwihariko, amazi arenze urugero agira ingaruka zikomeye ku kibaho gito.

 

(4) Acide na alkalinity yumuti wamasoko

 

Niba acide ikomeye cyane, bizatinda gukama no kwangirika icyapa; niba acide ifite intege nke cyane, ntabwo izashobora gukora hydrophilique irinda urwego rwubusa rwicyapa.

 

(5) Gukora imyenda ya reberi

 

Ibiranga igipangu kirimo ibintu byo hejuru hamwe na compression deformation. Imiterere yubuso nubwishingizi bwo gukuramo wino no guhererekanya wino, mugihe ibintu byo guhinduranya ibintu ari byo shingiro ryo kubona amashusho meza cyane ku kibaho.

 

Icapiro rya offset itaziguye iciriritse ikarito ni uburyo bushya bwo gucapa bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane muburyo bwo gucapa no gucapa ubuziranenge. Biragereranijwe cyane cyane no gucapa ubuziranenge bwimpapuro. Bizahinduka urwego rwohejuru rwuzuye agasanduku na karito. Paperboard, ihitamo rya mbere ryo gupakira, irashobora kuzana inyungu nini mubukungu mubucuruzi bwo gupakira no gucapa, kandi nimwe mubyerekezo byingenzi bigamije iterambere ryicapiro rya offset mugihe kizaza. Ibi byateje urumuri rwinshi rwo guteza imbere icapiro rya offset.