abakora ibicuruzwa Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byuzuye

 

Igikorwa cyuzuye cyo kwuzuza bivuga inzira yo gukora ibikoresho byo gupakira ibintu. Urutonde rwibikoresho bikomeye ni rugari cyane, hamwe nubwoko bwinshi, kandi imiterere yabyo nimiterere yumubiri na chimique nabyo biratandukanye cyane, bivamo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzuza. Ibintu nyamukuru byerekana uburyo bwo kuzuza nuburyo, ubwiza nubucucike bwibikoresho bikomeye. rindira.

Ibikoresho bikomeye birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byifu, ibikoresho bya granulaire hamwe nibikoresho ukurikije uko umubiri wabo umeze. Ukurikije ubwiza bwayo, irashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bitagaragara, ibikoresho bya viscous hamwe nibikoresho bya viscous.Ibiranga ni ibi bikurikira:

1.QNon-ibikoresho bifatika.Ifite amazi meza kandi ntishobora gukomera ku bushyuhe bwicyumba. Iyo isutswe hejuru, irashobora kuba yegeranijwe muburyo bwa cone. Irashobora gukwirakwira neza nyuma yo kunyeganyega neza. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho nibyo byoroshye kuzuza, nk'ibinyampeke, ikawa, umunyu wuzuye, isukari, icyayi, n'imbuto zikomeye. , umucanga, n'ibindi.

2. Ibikoresho bya Semi-viscous.Ifite urwego runaka rwo gufatira hamwe no gutembera neza. Biroroshye ikiraro cyangwa arch mugihe wuzuza, bikagorana gutwara no kugereranya. Kunyeganyega birashobora guteza imbere amazi. Nkifu, ifu y amata, isukari, ifu yo kumesa, ifu yimiti, ifu ya pigment nibikoresho bya granular birimo ubushuhe runaka.

3. ibikoresho bifatika.Ifite ifatira ryinshi, ifata byoroshye mumatsinda, ifite amazi mabi, kandi byoroshye gukomera kubikoresho byuzuza, bigatuma kuzuza bigoye cyane. Nka poro yisukari yumukara, imbuto za bombo hamwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya chimique.

Uburyo bwo kuzuza ibikoresho bikomeye bishingiye kuburyo butandukanye bwo gupima, harimo uburyo bwo kuzuza volumetric, gupima uburyo bwo kuzuza no kubara uburyo bwo kuzuza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye cyangwa ibikoresho binini bya granulaire bisanzwe bikoresha uburyo bwo kubara; ibibumbano bidasanzwe cyangwa ifu irekuye

 

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuzuza no kuzuza uburyo ukurikije imikorere itandukanye, mubisanzwe bisaba kuzuza neza kandi nta byangiritse kubirimo no kubipakira. Ibiribwa n’imiti bigomba guhorana isuku nisuku, kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza umutekano muke. Muguhitamo inzira yuburyo, ibintu nkibintu bifatika, imiterere, nagaciro kikintu, ubwoko bwaabakora ibicuruzwaibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gupakira, uburyo bwo gupima, inzira nyayo, igiciro cyo gupakira, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Ibikurikira bizamenyekanisha kuzuza ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye. no kuzuza inzira nibikoresho kugirango urangize izi nzira.

 

Igikorwa cyo kuzuza ibicuruzwa byamazi muriabakora ibicuruzwagupakira ibikoresho nk'amacupa, amabati, ingunguru, nibindi byitwa kuzuza. Ugereranije nibikoresho bikomeye, ibikoresho byamazi bifite ibiranga amazi meza, ubwinshi buhamye, hamwe no kugabanuka guke. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byamazi byuzuzwa, cyane cyane harimo ubwoko butandukanye bwibiribwa, ibinyobwa, ibiryo, ibicuruzwa byinganda, ibikoresho fatizo byimiti, imiti, imiti yica udukoko, nibindi. bitandukanye. Ikintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka ku kuzura ni ubwiza bwamazi, hagakurikiraho

Nukumenya niba hari gaze yashonga mumazi nibintu byo gutemba no kubira ifuro. Mubisanzwe, amazi ashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ubwiza bwabyo. Icyiciro cya mbere ni ibikoresho bito byoroheje bifite ubukonje buke kandi bitemba neza, nk'amazi, vino, amata, isosi ya soya, ibinyobwa, n'ibindi. Icyiciro cya kabiri ni ibikoresho byamazi byijimye bifite ubukonje buciriritse kandi bitemba neza. Kugirango wongere umuvuduko wacyo, imbaraga zo hanze zigomba gukoreshwa, nka ketchup, cream, nibindi.

Icyiciro cya gatatu ni ibikoresho byamazi bifashe neza hamwe nubwinshi bwamazi menshi, bisaba imbaraga ziva hanze gutemba kandi rimwe na rimwe bisaba ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwuzuye, nka jam, umuti wamenyo, paste, nibindi.

Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byamazi bigabanyijemo ibinyobwa bya karubone kandi biracyari ibinyobwa ukurikije niba byashonze gaze karuboni. Byeri, vino itangaje, champagne, soda, nibindi nibinyobwa bya karubone, bizwi kandi nkibinyobwa bya karubone. Ubwoko bwose bwamazi yubutare, amazi asukuye, vino itukura numweru, ibinyobwa, nibindi byose biracyari ibinyobwa, ariko ibyokurya bizabyara ibibyimba iyo bitemba, bigira ingaruka kumyumvire.

Kuzuza amazi ni inzira yo gukuramo amazi mu kigega kibika amazi, kuyanyuza mu muyoboro, no kuyapakira muriabakora ibicuruzwa gupakira ibikoresho ku gipimo runaka cyangwa umuvuduko. Urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu muyoboro rushingiye ku itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uri hagati y’impera zinjira n’impera zisohoka, ni ukuvuga ko umuvuduko wanyuma winjira ugomba kuba hejuru yumuvuduko wanyuma. Ukurikije inyigisho yubukanishi bwamazi, ibintu bibiri bitandukanye bizabaho mugihe cyo gutembera kwamazi bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwibanze.

 

Igikorwa cyo kuzuza ibicuruzwa byamazi mubikoresho byo gupakira byitwa kuzuza, kandi ibikoresho bimenya kuzuza byitwa imashini yuzuza. Igikorwa cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa bikomeye mubikoresho byo gupakira byitwa kuzuza, kandi ibikoresho bimenya ibikoresho byuzuzanya byitwa imashini zuzuza. Nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kuzuza muburyo bwo gupakira. Kwuzuza no kuzuza inzira ni inzira yo hagati mugupakira. Mbere yo kuzuza no kuzuza, hariho gutegura no gutanga ifu, harimo gutegura kontineri, gusukura, kwanduza, kumisha, no gutondekanya, hakurikiraho gufunga, gufunga, gushyiramo ikimenyetso, Gucapa, palletizing nibindi bikorwa byubufasha.

Ibikoresho byuzuye ni amazi, kandi ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ni ubukonje hamwe na gaze, kimwe no kubira ifuro mugihe cyo gutemba. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bikomeye byo kuzuza, bishobora kugabanywamo granules, ifu, ibibyimba cyangwa imiterere ivanze ukurikije uko umubiri wabo umeze. Bamwe bafite amazi meza, kandi bamwe bafite urwego runaka rwo kwiyegereza hejuru. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bipakira, birashobora kugabanywamo imifuka, amacupa, kanseri, amakofe, amakarito, nibindi.

Kuzuza no kuzuza ibikoresho biratandukanye muburyo, imiterere, itemba nagaciro, kuburyo uburyo bwo gupima nabwo buratandukanye. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gupima, hari ingano (ubushobozi), uburemere (mass / uburemere) no kubara (ubwinshi), nibindi

Uburyo bwo kuzuza volumetric nuburyo bwo kuzuza ibikoresho mubikoresho bipakira ukurikije ubushobozi bwateganijwe. Ahanini igabanijwe mu gupima ubwoko bwigikombe nubwoko bwa screw, ibikoresho byuzuza volumetric bifite imiterere yoroshye, umuvuduko wihuse, umusaruro mwinshi nigiciro gito, ariko ibipimo byo gupima ni bike. Birakwiriye kuzuza ifu nibikoresho bito bya granulaire hamwe nuburinganire bugaragara, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ubunini burenze ubwiza.

 

1. Uzuza igikombe cyo gupima

Gupima igikombe cyuzuye ni ugukoresha igikombe cyo gupima ingano yo gupima ibikoresho no kuzuza mubikoresho bipakira. Iyo wuzuza, ibikoresho bigwa mubusa mugikombe cyo gupima uburemere bwacyo. Scraper ikuraho ibintu birenze ku gikombe cyo gupima, hanyuma ibikoresho biri mu gikombe cyo gupima byuzuzwa mu bikoresho bipakira munsi yuburemere bwacyo. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo gupima ibikombe: ubwoko bwingoma, ubwoko bwahinduwe, nubwoko bwa intubation. Birakwiriye kuzuza ifu, granulaire n'ibice byacitsemo ibintu byiza bitemba. Kubikoresho bifite ubucucike bugaragara, ibikombe bipima neza birashobora gukoreshwa, kandi kubikoresho bifite ubucucike bugaragara butajegajega, ibikombe byo gupima bishobora guhinduka. Ubu buryo bwo kuzuza bufite ubwuzuzanye buke kandi busanzwe bukoreshwa kubiciro buke

ibicuruzwa, ariko birashobora kuzuzwa umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango umusaruro unoze.

(1)Ubwoko bwingoma burigihe kwuzuza byitwa kandi ingano ya pompe yubwoko bwuzuye bwuzuye. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5-13, hari imyanya myinshi yo gupima kuruhande rwinyuma yingoma. Ingoma izunguruka ku muvuduko runaka. Iyo ihinduwe kumwanya wo hejuru, icyumba cyo gupima Umuyoboro uhujwe na hopper, kandi ibintu bitembera mu cyuho gipima uburemere bwacyo. Iyo ihinduwe kumwanya wo hasi, umwobo wo gupima uhujwe nicyambu cyambaye ubusa, kandi ibikoresho byinjira mubikoresho bipakira muburemere bwabyo. Icyumba cyo gupimisha gifite ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwubunini bwagenwe nubwoko bwamajwi ashobora guhinduka, bikwiranye no kuzuza ibikoresho byifu hamwe nubucucike bugaragara. Ariko, kubera ko hari icyambu kimwe gusa, icyuzuzo cyihuta kandi imikorere ni mike.

Ubwoko bwo gupfunyika bufitanye isano n'ibiranga ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo gupakira, uburyo bwo gufunga, n'ibindi. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora bwo gupfunyika, birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: imikorere y'intoki, imikorere ya mashini-yimashini ikora neza; ukurikije imiterere yo gupfunyika, irashobora kugabanywamo gupfunyika no gupfunyika.

2. Inzira yo gupfunyika

Gupfunyika kuzinga nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane. Inzira shingiro ni: gabanya uburebure bwa abakora ibicuruzwaibikoresho bivuye mu muzingo, cyangwa ukuramo igice cyibikoresho byabanje gutemwa bivuye mububiko, hanyuma uzenguruke ibikoresho hafi y'ibikoresho byapakiwe, hanyuma ubishyire muri silinderi. shusho, hanyuma uzinguruke impande zombi hanyuma ushireho ikimenyetso. Ukurikije imiterere nuburyo bwibicuruzwa, gushushanya hejuru no gukanika imashini, umwanya wikidodo nuburyo hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gufunga impera zirashobora guhinduka.

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gupfunyika tekinike, zashyizwe mubikorwa ukurikije umwanya wikurikiranya hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzenguruka hamwe nicyerekezo cyanyuma. Bashobora kugabanwa muburyo bubiri-buringaniza-buringaniye, ubwoko-buringaniye bwikubitiro, ubwoko bubiri-bwikurikiranya bwubwoko bubiri, nubwoko bubiri-bwinshi. ubwoko bwa bevel, nibindi

(1)Ubwoko bw'inguni ku mpande zombi. Ubu buryo bukwiriye gupfunyika ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere isanzwe kandi kare. Mugihe cyo gupakira, banza ubizenguruke muburyo bwa silindrike, mubisanzwe hepfo, hanyuma uzenguruke impande ngufi kumpande zombi kugirango ukore inguni ya mpandeshatu cyangwa trapezoidal, hanyuma uzinguruke hanyuma ushireho izo mfuruka.

gushiraho

Igikorwa cyo gupfunyika inguni ku mpande zombi kiroroshye kandi imikorere yubukanishi iroroshye kubishyira mubikorwa, ariko ubudodo busanzwe buri inyuma, bityo gukomera no gufunga ibipfunyika ni bibi. Mubyongeyeho, ikidodo cyinyuma hari aho kigira ingaruka mubusugire bwuburyo bwo hejuru. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3-15, mugihe cyo gukora intoki, ingero zirashobora kuzunguruka no kuzinga kugirango gupfunyika bifatanye kandi hejuru yipaki iroroshye. Mugihe cya mashiniabakora ibicuruzwaibikorwa, kubera amahame atandukanye yakazi, inguni ikurikirana hamwe nicyerekezo cyibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho

3-16 nuburyo bukurikiranye icyerekezo cyo hejuru no hepfo no gutambuka.

Kugirango wuzuze neza ibikenewe gupakira, kubika, gutwara no kugurisha ibicuruzwa, ibisabwa byibanze mubikorwa byo gupfunyika ni: D. Koresha ibikoresho bishya bipfunyika hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho bishoboka kugirango wongere igihe cyo kubika ibicuruzwa.

(2)Mugihe wemeza ibikorwa byibanze, gerageza gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bidahenze bipfunyika kandi umenye umusaruro wikora.

(3)Hindura kandi umenye kugabana ibice bitandukanye byo kugurisha mugucuruza ibicuruzwa, no kugera kumurongo no kugereranya ubwinshi, ubwiza nubunini.

(4)Kora ibicuruzwa bipfunyika byujuje ibisabwa byo kugurisha supermarket, fasha abakiriya kumenya neza ibiranga ibicuruzwa, koroshya guhunika ibicuruzwa kumasuka, no gutanga uburinzi bwiza kubicuruzwa.

(5)Kunoza igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa no gufata ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya impimbano, kurwanya ubujura nizindi ngamba zumutekano

 

Gupfunyika-Ubwoko bwo gupfunyika ni ugupfunyika uburebure runaka bwibikoresho byo gupakira muburyo bwa silindrike, hanyuma ugahindura igice cyanyuma gifunguye mukigoreka ukurikije icyerekezo cyerekanwe. Ikirangantego gikwiranye ntigikeneye guhuzwa cyangwa gushyirwaho ubushyuhe. Kugirango wirinde kugabanuka no kugoreka, ibikoresho byo gupakira birasabwa kugira imbaraga zamarira hamwe na plastike. Ubu bwoko bwo gupfunyika biroroshye kandi byoroshye gufungura. Ku rundi ruhande, nta bisabwa bidasanzwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho byo gupakira. Imiterere, silindrike, kare, ellipsoid nizindi shusho biremewe. Irashobora gukoreshwa nintoki cyangwa mumashini, ariko ibikorwa byintoki birasaba akazi kandi biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa by isuku yibiribwa. Kugeza ubu, ibiryo byinshi bipfunyitse nka bombo na ice cream byakorewe imashini.

Ibikoresho byo gupakira birashobora kuba urwego rumwe cyangwa ibyiciro byinshi. Niba ibice byinshi byubatswe bikoreshwa, ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa mumbere no hanze biratandukanye. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo gupfunyika, harimo guhinduranya kimwe, kugoreka kabiri no kuzinga. Mubisanzwe, uburyo bubiri bwo guhinduranya bukoreshwa. Iyo ukora intoki, icyerekezo cyimpinduka kumpande zombi kiratandukanye; mugihe ukoresheje imashini zikoreshwa, icyerekezo mubisanzwe ni kimwe. Impinduramatwara imwe imwe ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri bombo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, lollipops, imbuto n'ibinyobwa bisindisha, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3-27. Ubwoko bubiri burangiritse bwerekanwe mubishusho 3-28, kandi bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bipakira bombo.