mwambochocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi

Ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense amadziwa kuti chokoleti chimachokera ku nyemba za cocoa zomwe ndi chipatso cha mtengo wa cacao wakuthengo ku Central America. Zaka zoposa 1300 zapitazo, Amwenye a Mayan a ku Yorktan anapanga chakumwa chotchedwa chokoleti ndi nyemba zokazinga za koko. Chokoleti choyambirira chinali chakumwa chamafuta, chifukwa nyemba zokazinga za koko zinali ndi mafuta opitilira 50%, ndipo anthu adayamba kuwonjezera ufa ndi zinthu zina zowuma mu chakumwacho kuti achepetse mafuta.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, wofufuza wina wa ku Spain dzina lake Hernán Cortes anapeza ku Mexico: mfumu ya Azteki yam'deralo inamwa chakumwa chopangidwa ndi nyemba za koko, madzi ndi zonunkhira, zomwe Cortes anabweretsanso mu 1528 atalawa ku Spain, ndipo anabzala mitengo ya koko pa chilumba chaching'ono. Kumadzulo kwa Africa.

Anthu a ku Spaniard anapera nyemba za koko kukhala ufa, anawonjezera madzi ndi shuga, ndikuzitenthetsa kuti apange chakumwa chotchedwa "chokoleti".  chocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Posakhalitsa njira yake yopangira idaphunziridwa ndi anthu a ku Italy, ndipo posakhalitsa inafalikira ku Ulaya konse.

 

Mu 1642, chokoleti chinabweretsedwa ku France ngati mankhwala ndipo Akatolika amadya.

Mu 1765, chokoleti adalowa ku United States ndipo adayamikiridwa ndi Benjamin Franklin ngati "mchere wathanzi komanso wopatsa thanzi".

Mu 1828, Van HOUTEN wa ku Netherlands adapanga makina osindikizira a koko kuti afinye ufa wotsala kuchokera ku mowa wa koko. Batala wa cocoa wofinyidwa ndi Van HOUTEN amasakanizidwa ndi nyemba za koko wophwanyidwa ndi shuga woyera, ndipo chokoleti choyamba padziko lapansi chimabadwa. Pambuyo pa kuyanika, kuyanika ndikuwotcha, nyemba za koko zimasinthidwa kukhala mowa wa koko, batala wa koko ndi ufa wa cocoa, zomwe zimatulutsa fungo labwino komanso lapadera. Fungo lachilengedwe ili ndilo thupi lalikulu la chokoleti.

Mu 1847, batala wa kakao anawonjezeredwa ku zakumwa za chokoleti kuti apange zomwe tsopano zimadziwika kuti chokoleti chophika.

Mu 1875, dziko la Switzerland linapanga njira yopangira chokoleti cha mkaka, motero kukhala ndi chokoleti chomwe mukuwona.

Mu 1914, Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse inalimbikitsa kupanga chokoleti, chomwe chinatumizidwa kunkhondo kuti chiperekedwe kwa asilikali.

chocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi, chokoleti amapangidwa kuchokera ku zosakaniza zambiri, koma kukoma kwake kumadalira makamaka kukoma kwa koko komwe. Cocoa imakhala ndi theobromine ndi caffeine, zomwe zimabweretsa kukoma kokoma kowawa; ma tannins mu koko amakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono, ndipo batala wa koko amatha kutulutsa mafuta komanso kukoma kosalala. Kuwawa, kunyowa, ndi kuwawa kwa koko, kusalala kwa batala wa koko, mothandizidwa ndi shuga kapena ufa wa mkaka, mafuta a mkaka, malt, lecithin, vanillin ndi zipangizo zina zothandizira, ndipo pambuyo pa luso lamakono lokonzekera, chokoleti sichimangokhala ndi chosiyana. kukoma koko komanso Kupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana, yosangalatsa komanso yokoma.

Gulu lathu lakhalanso lazachumabokosi la mphatso la chokoleti chophimbidwa.Pakali pano, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zojambula, zoyera, kraft, bulauni ndi makatoni, etc. Pano, mwa njira, ndikuuzeni kusiyana pakati pa pepala loyera loyera ndi pepala la chakudya.

Pepala la Kraft lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zakudya zosiyanasiyanachocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi, koma chifukwa chakuti pepala la fluorescence la pepala loyera loyera nthawi zambiri limakhala lokwera kangapo kuposa momwe limakhalira, pepala loyera lokhala ndi chakudya ndilomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popakira chakudya.

Ndiye pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ziwirizi?

Kusiyanitsa muyezo woyamba: kuyera

Pepala la kraft la chakudya limangowonjezera pang'ono bleach, kuyera kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mtundu umawoneka wachikasu pang'ono. Mapepala a white kraft wamba awonjezera kuchuluka kwa bleaching agent, kotero kuyera kwake ndikwambiri.

Kusiyanitsa 2: Kulamulira Phulusa

Pepala la kraft loyera la chakudya lili ndi miyezo yoyendetsera bwino, ndipo zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimaperekedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za chakudya. Choncho, phulusa la pepala loyera la kraft la chakudya limayendetsedwa pamunsi kwambiri, pamene phulusa la pepala loyera la kraft ndilokwera kwambiri kuti muchepetse ndalama.

Muyezo Wachitatu Wosiyanitsa: Lipoti la Mayeso

Malingana ndi zofunikira za zipangizo zopangira chakudya m'dziko langa, pepala loyera la kraft liyenera kuyesedwa ndi QS, pamene magiredi wamba samatero.

Kusiyanitsa 4 muyezo: mtengo

Ngakhale mtengo wake siwosiyana kwambiri, umakhalanso wofunikira kwambiri. Pepala loyera la kraft la chakudya ndilokwera mtengo kuposa pepala wamba la kraft.

Titafotokoza mwachidule zida, tiyeni tikambiranenso za mtundu wa bokosi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka chokoleti

Pakali pano, chachikuluchocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosimitundu ndi: Top and base style, bokosi ndi kutsekedwa maginito, khadi bokosi, etc.

Pali mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana yofotokozera popanga bokosi lamphatso lapamwamba komanso loyambira

Thechoyambabokosi la mphatso la chokoleti chokhala ndi madeti, bokosi lamphatso lakumtunda ndi lakumunsi la bokosi lapadziko lonse lapansi ndilosavuta kupanga. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri, chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi chapansi, chomwe ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makina okhazikika. Kukula kwa chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi chachikulu pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa pansi. Zomangamanga zapamwamba ndi zapansi Kuti mugwiritse ntchito moyenera, chikhalidwe chabwino cha bokosi la mphatso ndikuti pansi pakhoza kugwa pang'onopang'ono komanso momasuka. Chivundikiro cha dziko lapansi cha bokosi lapamwamba ndi lapansi chikhoza kupangidwa ngati chophimba chophimba pansi, kapena chikhoza kuphimba mbali ya bokosi la pansi.

Thechachiwirimtundu wa chokoleti wokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi ndi kupanga mphatso bokosi ndi m'mphepete mozungulira. Kuwonjezera pa chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi pansi pamunsi, pali chimango chowonjezera pakati. Kukula kwa bokosi lachivundikiro ndilofanana ndi la bokosi la pansi. Pamene bokosi lachivundikiro ndi bokosi la pansi likufanana, sipadzakhala kusokoneza ndi kusalinganika, ndipo kupanga bokosi la mphatso ndi m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi kumakhala katatu komanso kosanjikiza kwambiri potengera zotsatira zowoneka; Ikhoza kupangidwanso kuti kutalika kwa chivundikiro chapamwamba kumakhala kochepa kuposa kutalika kwa chivundikiro cha pansi.

Thechachitatubokosi la mphatso la chokoleti chophimbidwa ndi masiku ophatikizana ndi bokosi la mphatso lakumwamba ndi dziko lapansi limapangidwa mofanana ndi bokosi lachivundikiro la dziko lozungulira, kusiyana kwake ndikuti kumbuyo kwa bokosi la mphatso kumamatidwa ndi mapepala a minofu, ndipo mbali yakumanzere ndi yakumanja ya bokosi la mphatso. nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi nthiti, zomwe zimatha kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa momasuka.

Bokosi lopangira mphatso ndi kutsekedwa kwa maginito ndikuti thupi la bokosi ndi chivundikiro cha bokosi sizimalekanitsidwa, monga sutikesi, ndipo pali shaft yomangidwa kumbuyo. Bokosi la clamshell ndi bokosi lamphatso lodziwika bwino, chifukwa limatsegulidwa mu clamshell, motero limatchedwa bokosi la clamshell. . Chinanso cha bokosi la clamshell ndikuti maginito nthawi zambiri amafunikira. Mitundu ina yamabokosi nthawi zambiri safuna maginito, omwe anganenenso kuti ndi mawonekedwe a mabokosi a clamshell. Zoonadi, mbaliyi ndizovuta kwambiri, monga kusankha maginito ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri.

Maginito amakhalanso ndi maginito a mbali imodzi komanso maginito a mbali ziwiri. Chifukwa maginito a mbali imodzi ndi otchipa ndipo amakoka bwino, ambiri opanga bokosi la mphatso amasankha maginito a mbali imodzi; maginito a mbali ziwiri amatchedwanso maginito amphamvu. Kuyamwa ndikwabwino kwambiri, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabokosi ena omwe ali ndi zofunika kwambiri. Pakati pawo, kukula kwa maginito kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa bokosilo. Ngati bokosilo ndi lalikulu, maginito akuluakulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuligwira. Pofuna kukongola, maginito akumanzere ndi kumanja amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabokosi a clamshell.

Inde, kuwonjezerachocolate yokutidwa madeti mphatso bokosi, Timaperekanso zikwama zamapepala zosinthidwa makonda, zomata, maliboni ndi pepala lokopa, mapepala owopsa.

Msika womwe ukukula wakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makatoni kumadera osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa kusindikiza zithunzi zokongola, kupanga makatoni kumafunanso kukonzedwa monga mapepala omangira, kudula kufa, kupanga ndi kuyika mapepala.

Kupanga kwa njira iliyonse kumakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza. Choncho, ndondomeko iliyonse ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, mabokosi ambiri amapepala ku China amapangidwabe ndi manja.

Lining pepala

01 Zida ndi zowonjezera

Zida zofunika makamaka zikuphatikizapo makina opangira gluing ndi makina ophwanyika; zofunikira zothandizira zimaphatikizapo latex.

02 Njira zopangira

① Onani mndandanda wazopanga ndikuwona mtundu wa pepala lotengera. Chinyezi chokhazikika pamapepala otengera ndi 12%.

② Kukonzekera zomatira, kuchuluka kwa chigawo chilichonse ndi: latex yoyera: madzi = 3: 1.

③ Phatikizani pepala loyera mkati, sungani pepala la makatoni pa mbale kutsogolo kwa makina omatira, ndikukankhira pepalalo kwa ogwira ntchito kumbali zonse ziwiri limodzi ndi liwiro la makina omatira, ndipo woyendetsa amatenga bokosi poyamba. Katoni, ndiyeno pepala lamkati lopangidwa ndi guluu, ligwirizane ndi mbali ziwiri zokhazikika za makatoni. Polandira pepala, awiriwa ayenera kugwirizana mwakachetechete. Kunyalanyaza pang'ono kungapangitse pepala kusweka kapena kukwinya.

④ Kupalasa, gogoda pepala lokhala ndi liner mu makina opalasa, ikani kukakamiza kwa 20MPa, ndipo nthawi ndi mphindi 5.

⑤ Pambuyo popanga, dziyang'aneni nokha khalidweli, werengerani kuchuluka kwake ndikupachika mbale yozindikiritsa kupanga, ndikupita ku njira ina yopangira.

Zinthu zoyendera zikuphatikizapo: ukhondo wa pepala pamwamba, monga guluu kusefukira, adhesion ndi ukhondo, etc.

03 Kusamala

① Samalirani momwe zomatira zimakhudzira kusalala kwa pepala, ndikuwongolera kufanana mukamagwiritsa ntchito guluu.

② Mukayika pepala lazitsulo, liyenera kukhala lathyathyathya komanso lokhazikika, ndipo pepala lokhalamo sayenera kupitirira malire a pepala la makatoni.

③ Zomatira zokonzedwa siziyenera kukhala zoonda kwambiri kuti ziteteze pepala lamkati kuti lisakwinya.

④ Sambani m'manja pafupipafupi kuonetsetsa kuti pepala ndi loyera.

Kupanga ndi Laminating Paper

Kupanga ndi kuyika mapepala ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri popanga mabokosi. Pokhapokha pokhala wozama komanso wodalirika popanga zinthu zomwe zingathe kutsimikiziridwa kuti khalidweli liri lotsimikizika.

01 Zida, nkhungu ndi zowonjezera

Chida chofunikira ndi makina a gluing ndi makina okhomerera.

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo scraper, block block, nkhonya kufa, chidebe cha pulasitiki, ndi burashi yofiirira.

Zida zothandizira ndi 168 guluu, guluu wokwera pawiri, labala labala, ethanol mtheradi, ndi nsalu ya thonje.

02 Njira zopangira

① Yang'anani dongosolo la kupanga ndi zitsanzo zopanga kuti muwone ngati zidazo zili zoyenera.

② Chitani kuyendera ndi kutsimikizira nkhani yoyamba isanapangidwe kwambiri.

③ Sonkhanitsani bokosi la bokosi.

Ikani mapepala a makatoni odulidwa patebulo, ndipo mofananamo ikani zomatira ku mbali zing'onozing'ono mbali zonse; kwezani mbali zinayi za pepala lopangidwa ndi makatoni, kanikizani mbali yayikulu kumbali yaing'ono, ndikumangitsa ndi magulu awiri a mphira , Ngodya yozungulira 45 ° yodzaza pa mphasa, kudzipenda kumadutsa, zizindikiro zolendewera, pambuyo poyanika mpweya, kusamutsa ku ndondomeko yotsatira.

④ Kwezani bokosi la bokosi.

Ikani guluu mofanana pa pepala la pamwamba la thupi la bokosi, ndipo ikani mawonekedwe a bokosi molondola mu mzere wa chimango kumbuyo kwa pepala pamwamba;

Valani chipika chothandizira ndikupinda mbali zinayi pansi pamtunda wa 90 °;

Tulutsani chipika chothandizira, pindani m'mphepete mwa magazi mkati, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira chansungwi kuti muphwanye mbali zinayi za bokosilo kuti likhale lomangika bwino;

Tembenuzani bokosi mowongoka, ndi kukwapula m'mbali ndi m'makona a mbali zinayi ndi thumbnail yanu;

Ndiye kuvala wothandiza chipika, misozi nkhope minofu ndi flannel nsalu kuchokera mkati mpaka kunja, ngati pali guluu banga, misozi ndi nsalu flannel choviikidwa mu Mowa pang'ono;

Chotsani mpweya kuti ukhale wogwirizana; kubowola mabowo kuonetsetsa kuti mabowowo ali pamalo oyenera.

⑤ Ubwino wa kudziyang'anira uli woyenerera, thambo ndi chivundikiro cha dziko lapansi zimamangirizidwa, kuchuluka kwake kumawerengedwa ndipo mbale yodziwikiratu imapachikidwa, ndipo imaperekedwa kuti iwonetsedwe ndi kupakidwa.

Zinthu zoyang'anira zikuphatikizapo: kupanga zotsatira, kugwirizanitsa, kuyeretsa pamwamba, monga kusalala ndi kusasinthasintha kwa bokosi la bokosi, kulimba ndi ukhondo, kuwala, ndi zina zotero.

03 Kusamala

① Mukasonkhanitsa bokosi la bokosi, ngodya zinayi za katoni ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zopanda msoko, ndipo ngodya zinayi ndi pamwamba ziyenera kukhala zopukutira. Kuchuluka kwambiri mkati kapena kunja kungayambitse vuto pamapepala okwera. Ndizoletsedwa kutengera njira yotsatira pamene zomatira sizimauma.

② Mukayika pepala pamwamba, onetsetsani kuti mukupukuta ndi nsalu ya flannel kuti ikhale yolimba, ndikupangitsa pamwamba kuti ikhale yosalala komanso yopanda thovu la mpweya ndi madontho a guluu.

③ Mukakolopa m'mphepete ndi chopalira, mbali zinayi zimayenera kukwapula m'malo mwake kuti muteteze ngodya zinayi kuti zisagwedezeke kapena makwinya.

④ Sungani manja anu aukhondo komanso tebulo lothandizira kuti musamamatire pamapepala a m'bokosi.