Chemical zinthu zimakhudzakatundu wa baklava phukusinjira

Kudziwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala a zinthu zomwe zaikidwa, kumvetsetsa ndi kuphunzira momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu panthawi yozungulira, ndikusankha njira zoyenera zotetezera mankhwala kumathandizira kupanga mapangidwe ndikukonzekera bwino.katundu wa baklava phukusindondomeko ndondomeko.

1. Chemical zikuchokera mankhwala

The mankhwala zikuchokera mmatumba katundu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: organic components, organic zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi osakaniza zigawo ziwiri. Kusintha kwabwino kwa zinthu zomwe zimapakidwa panthawi yozungulira kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa kusintha kwamankhwala, kusintha kwa thupi ndi zochitika zathupi zomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zigawo za chinthu chomwe chapakidwa chokha komanso momwe zinthu zimayendera. .

(1)Mankhwala zikuchokera chakudya Chakudya chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chakudya chachilengedwe ndi chakudya chokonzedwa. Chakudya chachilengedwe ndi chakudya chatsopano komanso chatsopano chosakonzedwa. Chakudya chokonzedwa ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka pokonza zakudya zachilengedwe monga zopangira, monga mbewu zomalizidwa, maswiti, makeke, zosungira, zitini, zakumwa, ndudu, vinyo, tiyi, zokometsera, zakudya zosavuta, mkaka, pickles, etc. zosakaniza ndi chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, mapadi, mavitamini, mchere, etc. Mwatsopano ndi watsopano zakudya, monga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nsomba zatsopano ndi shrimp, etc., kuwonjezera kukhala ndi zosakaniza pamwambapa, zikugwiranso ntchito za metabolic ndikupitilizabe

Imapitilirabe kuchita makutidwe ndi okosijeni wachilengedwe pansi pa catalysis ya michere, ndiye kuti, imachitanso zochitika zakuthupi.

(2)Mankhwala zikuchokera mankhwala Mankhwala mankhwala ndi cholinga cha mankhwala ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo, kuphatikizapo jakisoni, zakumwa, ufa, mapiritsi, mapiritsi, mafuta odzola ndi madiresi. Zambiri mwazinthuzi ndi zosakaniza zazinthu zingapo kapena zida. Ena amapangidwa ndi zosakaniza zingapo zakuthupi kapena zosakaniza zosakanikirana padera, monga ginseng royal jelly, Yinqiao Jiedu Pills, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi zosakaniza zingapo.

(3)Ma Chemicals of Cosmetics Zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuteteza ndi kukongoletsa khungu la munthu. Zimaphatikizapo mafuta odzola, ufa, madzi, mafuta, ndi zina zotero. Zodzoladzola zimakhala ndi fungo, mtundu, zotsukira, zakudya, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Zosakaniza, pafupifupi

Ndi chisakanizo cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Chopingasa

(4)Ma Chemicals a Electromechanical Products Zambiri zazinthu zamagetsi zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo cha kaboni, mkuwa, aluminiyamu ndi zida zina zachitsulo, ndipo zambiri zimakhala chitsulo choponyedwa ndi chitsulo cha carbon. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi chitsulo, carbon ndi mankhwala ake. Chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosasunthika ndipo chimatha kupanga mosavuta mabatire ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi carbon ndi zitsulo zosagwira ntchito. Choncho, chitsulo ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mbali zina zamakina ndi zamagetsi zikawotchedwa, kuwotcherera, kutenthedwa kapena kupindika, kukanikizidwa kapena kupindika, zimayambitsa kusintha kwamphamvu mkati mwachitsulo. Zinthu zamakinazi zimalimbikitsanso kuwonongeka kwachitsulo, komwe kumatchedwa "stress corrosion".

(5)Kapangidwe ka mankhwala owopsa Kuopsa kwa mankhwala kumatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka, kuphulika, poizoni kwambiri, zowonongeka kwambiri komanso zotulutsa ma radio. Malinga ndi mankhwala awo, iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu khumi: zinthu zophulika, okosijeni, mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mpweya wa liquefied, zinthu zoyaka moto zokha, zinthu zomwe zimayaka pamene zili ndi madzi, zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayaka, zolimba zoyaka moto, zapoizoni, zinthu zowonongeka ndi ma radioactive. zinthu. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi kaboni, haidrojeni, ndi mpweya, zina ndi zitsulo zogwira ntchito kapena zitsulo zotulutsa ma radiation, ndipo zina ndi zinthu zapoizoni kapena organic. Mankhwala awo amasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yawo.

 

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'matumba zimatanthawuza zomwe mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi zigawo zake zimasintha kwambiri pakakhala kuwala, kutentha, mpweya, asidi, alkali, mchere, kutentha ndi chinyezi, makamaka kuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, corrosiveness. , kawopsedwe, kuyaka ndi kuphulika, etc.

(1)Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala a chinthu Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala kumatanthawuza magwiridwe antchito a chinthu chomwe sichingawonongeke, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kapena kusintha kwina mkati mwamitundu ina motengera zinthu zakunja. Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zigawo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, komanso zinthu zakunja ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, phosphorous yofiira imayaka ikatenthedwa kufika ku 160C, pamene phosphorous yachikasu imatenthedwa mosavuta ndipo imatha kutentha pa 40C. Zigawo zazikulu za carbon steel ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo ndi carbon, koma dzimbiri ndi maginito ndi zosiyana kwambiri.

(2)Kawopsedwe wa zinthu Poizoni amatanthauza katundu wa zinthu zina zomangira zomwe zimatha kulumikizana ndi zinthu zina zamoyo ndikuwononga magwiridwe antchito amthupi. Zinthu zapoizoni makamaka zimaphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala, omwe amagawidwa kukhala zinthu zapoizoni kwambiri komanso zapoizoni. Chidziwitso choyenera cha kawopsedwe chingapezeke muzambiri zoyenera.

(3)Kuwononga kwa zinthu Kuwononga zinthu kumatanthauza kuti zinthu zina zikakumana ndi zamoyo kapena zitsulo, zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri ndi kupsa ndi dzimbiri, kapena kuwononga zinthu zina. Chifukwa chachikulu cha dzimbiri ndi kukhudzana ndi zidulo, alkalis kapena mchere.

(4)Kuyaka ndi kuphulika kwakatundu wa baklava phukusimankhwala. Kuyaka ndi njira ya okosijeni, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuwala. Agawika m’magulu anayi: zamadzimadzi zoyaka moto, zolimba zoyaka, zinthu zoyaka zokha ndi zinthu zomwe zimayaka ngati wayaka moto. Kuphulika kumatanthawuza njira yomwe chinthu chimasintha nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku malo olimba kapena amadzimadzi kupita ku mpweya, kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri monga mphamvu zamakina ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu m'chilengedwe. Malingana ndi chifukwa chake, chikhoza kugawidwa kukhala kuphulika kwa thupi ndi kuphulika kwa mankhwala.

 

Magulu a tizilombo ndi ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma cellular ndi osakhala ma cell. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe a cell timatchedwa ma cellular microorganisms. Mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi yisiti zomwe zatchulidwa pano ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malinga ndi ma cell awo, amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma prokaryotic microorganisms (monga mabakiteriya) ndi ma eukaryotic microorganisms (monga nkhungu ndi yisiti).

(1)Bacteria Mabakiteriya ndi omwe amafalitsidwa kwambiri komanso ma microorganisms ambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu. Ndiwo chinthu chachikulu chofufuzira cha microbiology. Mapangidwe a mabakiteriya ndi osiyanasiyana. Mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe ikasintha, morphology imasinthanso. Komabe, pansi pazikhalidwe zina zachilengedwe, mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ena. Mabakiteriya ali ndi mawonekedwe atatu: ozungulira, owoneka ngati ndodo komanso ozungulira, omwe amatchedwa cocci, bacilli ndi mabakiteriya ozungulira motsatana.

(2)Mold Mold si dzina la taxonomic, koma liwu lodziwika bwino la bowa wina wa filamentous. Amagawidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri amayambitsa nkhungu ndi mildew muzaulimi ndi zinthu zam'mbali, zovala, chakudya, zopangira, zopangira, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu. kupanga phukusi. Zogwirizana.

(3)Yeast Yeast ndi gulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta eukaryotic tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupesa mkate ndi kupanga vinyo, komanso kutulutsa mowa, glycerin, mannitol, organic acid, mavitamini, ndi zina zambiri. lili ndi ma amino acid ofunika kwa thupi la munthu. Yisiti zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhetsa petroleum, kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa petroleum, ndikukonzekera ma nucleic acid ndi ma enzymes.

Yisiti nthawi zambiri imawononga anthu. Yisiti ya Saprophytic imatha kuwononga chakudya, nsalu ndi zida zina. Kuchuluka kwa yisiti ya hypertonic kumatha kuwononga uchi ndi kupanikizana; ena asanduka mabakiteriya oipitsa m’makampani a fermentation. Amamwa mowa ndikuchepetsa kupanga; kapena kutulutsa fungo loipa, kukhudzakatundu wa baklava phukusi mankhwala. khalidwe. Yisiti zina zimatha kuyambitsa matenda mwa anthu ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, Candida albicans angayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu, mucous nembanemba, kupuma thirakiti, m'mimba, komanso mkodzo. Cryptococcus neoformans angayambitse matenda oumitsa khosi, chibayo, ndi zina zotero. Yisiti imakula makamaka m'malo a acidic okhala ndi shuga wambiri, monga zipatso, masamba, timadzi tokoma ndi masamba a zomera.

 

Kupaka matuza ndi njira yoyikamo zinthu zomwe zimayikidwamo zimasindikizidwa pakati pa chithuza chopangidwa ndi pepala lapulasitiki lowonekera ndi gawo lapansi (lopangidwa ndi makatoni, pepala lapulasitiki, zojambulazo za aluminiyamu kapena zida zawo zophatikizika).

Kupaka pakhungu ndikuyika zinthuzo pagawo lopumira lopangidwa ndi makatoni kapena mapepala apulasitiki, kuphimba ndi filimu yotenthetsera komanso yofewa ya pulasitiki kapena pepala, kenako ndikutuluka mu gawo lapansi kuti mukulunga filimuyo mwamphamvu kapena pepala. Njira yoyikamo yomwe imasunga zinthu ndikuzisindikiza mozungulira gawo lapansi.

Njira zonse zoyikamo zimagwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi ngati maziko, omwe amatchedwanso kuyika kwa gawo lapansi kapena kuyika makhadi. Makhalidwe ake ndikuti ma CD ake ali ndi mawonekedwe owonekera, omwe amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe okongola ndi malangizo azinthu amatha kusindikizidwa pagawo laling'ono kuti liwonetsedwe mosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Kumbali inayi, zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa zimakhazikika pakati pa pepala la filimu ndi gawo lapansi ndipo siziwonongeka mosavuta panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kugulitsa. Njira yopakirayi sikungoteteza zinthu ndikukulitsa nthawi yosungira, komanso imathandizira kulimbikitsa zinthu zovomerezeka ndikukulitsa malonda. Pamsika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyika zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe ndi osalimba chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa. Zinthu monga mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, zolembera, zida zazing'ono zamakina ndi zida zamakina, komanso zoseweretsa, mphatso, zokongoletsera ndi zinthu zina ndizofala kwambiri m'misika yosankha nokha komanso m'masitolo ogulitsa.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a ma CD zipangizo, njira ziwiri zolongedza ndi za mtundu womwewo, koma mfundo ndi ntchito zawo komanso ndondomeko yoyikamo zili ndi makhalidwe awo.

1.Mfundo zodziwika pakati pa chithuza kulongedza ndi kuyika khungu

D. Nthawi zambiri, zoyikapo zimakhala zowonekera kotero kuti zomwe zili mkatimo zitha kuwoneka ndipo zitha kupachikidwa ndikuwonetsedwa.

2.imatha kulongedza zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta ndipo imatha kulongedza zinthu m'magulu kapena ndi magawo ambiri.

Kunja kwa kulongedza, mmisiri

3.Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a gawo lapansi komanso kusindikiza kosangalatsa, kutsatsa kwazinthuzo kumatha kukulitsidwa.

@Poyerekeza ndi enakatundu wa baklava phukusi njira, ndalama zolongedza ndizokwera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndikokwera, komanso kulongedza bwino ndikotsika.

D chitetezo chazinthu. Kupaka matuza kumakhala ndi zotchinga ndipo kumatha kupakidwa vacuum. Komabe, kukonza thupi sikungakwaniritse ntchito ya 2-pack. Kupaka matuza ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makina kapena kupanga mizere ya msonkhano, koma pamafunika kusinthidwa ndi nkhungu. Ndizoyenera kupanga zopangira zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Kupaka zokometsera khungu ndikovuta kupeza makina opangira makina kapena kupanga mizere yamagulu, komanso kupanga bwino kumakhala kochepa. Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti m'malo mwa nkhungu ndi oyenera Mipikisano zosiyanasiyana ndi lalikulu buku ma CD kupanga.

3 Mtengo wopaka. Zida zoyikamo ndi zida zoyikamo za matuza ndi okwera mtengo. Kwa zinthu zazikulu ndi zolemetsa zokhala ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba chifukwa chofuna kupanga nkhungu. Kupaka pakhungu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotchipa, koma kumafunikira ntchito yochulukirapo komanso yokwera mtengo popanga zinthu zambiri.

4 .kulongedza katundu. Kupaka matuza ndikokongola kwambiri ndipo kumatha kukulitsa mtengo wazinthuzo. Maonekedwe a zotengera zotengera khungu ndizoyipa pang'ono chifukwa cha mabowo ang'onoang'ono otsuka pagawo lapansi.

Chifukwa chake, kuyika kwa matuza ndikoyenera kuchuluka kwakukulu, zinthu zing'onozing'ono, ndi zinthu zomwe sizikufuna zotchinga zabwino. Kupaka pakhungu ndi koyenera kwamagulu ang'onoang'ono azinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe amawonongeka mosavuta panthawi yozungulira ndipo safuna zotchinga katundu.

 

Kupaka matuza kudagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pakuyika zamankhwala. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lakumwa mankhwala m'mabotolo agalasi, mabotolo apulasitiki ndi mabotolo ena, matuza amapaka m'ma 1950 ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pambuyo pakufufuza mozama ndikuwongolera mosalekeza kwa zida zopangira matuza, njira ndi makina, zapita patsogolo kwambiri potengera mtundu wa ma CD, liwiro la kupanga komanso chuma. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa kuyika kwa mapiritsi a mankhwala, makapisozi ndi ma suppositories, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zakudya, zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zina.

Kupaka matuza kumatha kuteteza zinthu ku chinyezi, fumbi, kuipitsidwa, kuba ndi kuwonongeka, kukulitsa nthawi yosungira katundu, ndipo kumawonekera ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito osindikizidwa pagawo, kupereka mwayi kwa ogula. Mankhwalawa amapakidwa pagawo la aluminium zojambulazo molingana ndi mlingo. Dzina la mankhwala, kutenga malangizo ndi zina zimasindikizidwa kumbuyo kwa zitsulo zotayidwa. Amatchedwa PTP (press through pack) kulongedza katundu kunja ndipo amatchedwa press-through packaging ku China chifukwa mukatenga, amapanikizidwa ndi dzanja. Ndi chithuza, mankhwalawa amatha kutengedwa kudzera muzojambula za aluminiyamu zochiritsira, kapena kuyika mwachindunji mkamwa kuti asaipitsidwe. Tinthu tating'ono ting'ono monga zolembera, mipeni, zodzoladzola, ndi zina zotere zimapakidwa m'matuza ndi makatoni. Chothandiziracho chikhoza kupangidwa kukhala mtundu wopachikika ndikupachikidwa pa alumali, zomwe ziri zoonekeratu kwambiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito yokongoletsera ndi kulengeza, zomwe zimapindulitsa pa malonda.