Chemical yam cuam tshuambaklava ntim khoomtxheej txheem

Mastering cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom thiab tshuaj hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ntim, nkag siab thiab kawm txog cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem deterioration ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm ncig, thiab xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntsuas tsim nyog yuav pab tsim kom raug ntim thiab npaj.baklava ntim khoomtxheej txheem txheej txheem.

1. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: cov khoom siv tsis zoo, cov khoom siv organic thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ob. Cov kev hloov pauv zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom thaum lub sij hawm kev ncig yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj hloov pauv, kev hloov lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ntim nws tus kheej thiab cov xwm txheej hauv kev ncig. .

(1)Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov Cov zaub mov tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov zaub mov ntuj thiab cov khoom noj tiav. Khoom noj khoom haus yog unprocessed tshiab thiab tshiab zaub mov. Cov khoom lag luam ua tiav yog cov khoom lag luam tau los ntawm kev ua zaub mov zoo li raw khoom, xws li cov nplej tiav, khoom qab zib, pastries, khaws cia, cov kaus poom, dej haus, luam yeeb, cawv, tshuaj yej, condiments, khoom noj yooj yim, khoom noj siv mis, pickles, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw yog carbohydrates, proteins, rog, cellulose, vitamins, minerals, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom noj tshiab thiab tshiab, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, ntses tshiab thiab cw, thiab lwm yam, ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom xyaw saum toj no, kuj tseem ua haujlwm metabolic thiab txuas ntxiv mus. rau

Nws txuas ntxiv ua kom muaj roj ntsha oxidation nyob rau hauv catalysis ntawm enzymes, uas yog, nws tseem ua haujlwm li qub physiological.

(2)Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj Pharmaceuticals yog cov tshuaj rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev kho mob, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj, kua, hmoov, ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev no yog cov sib tov ntawm ntau cov khoom xyaw lossis cov khoom siv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm ob peb inorganic cov khoom xyaw los yog organic cov khoom xyaw sib tov sib cais, xws li ginseng muaj koob muaj npe jelly, Yinqiao Jiedu Pills, thiab lwm yam., uas yog tag nrho tov nrog ob peb yam khoom xyaw.

(3)Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce Tshuaj pleev ib ce yog cov khoom siv tshuaj niaj hnub siv los tiv thaiv thiab ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog tshuaj pleev, hmoov, dej tshuaj, tshuaj pleev xim, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab, xim, tshuaj ntxuav tes, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw, nruab nrab

Nws yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw tshuaj los yog cov khoom siv ntuj. Kab rov tav

(4)Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ua los ntawm cov hlau cam, carbon steel, tooj liab, txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau, thiab feem ntau yog cov hlau cam khwb cia thiab carbon hlau. Lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb yog hlau, carbon thiab lawv cov tebchaw. Hlau yog cov hlau uas muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov roj teeb me me nrog cov pa roj carbon thiab cov hlau tsis huv. Yog li ntawd, hlau yog ib yam khoom uas yooj yim corroded. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab qee qhov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob raug hlawv, welded, kho cua sov los yog sib tw, nias lossis khoov, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab no tseem yuav txhawb nqa kev xeb ntawm cov hlau, uas yog hu ua "kev nyuaj siab corrosion".

(5)Tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij yog xa mus rau cov khoom uas muaj nplaim taws, tawg, muaj kuab lom, muaj zog heev thiab muaj hluav taws xob. Raws li lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua kaum pawg: cov khoom tawg, oxidants, compressed gases thiab liquefied gases, spontaneous combustion khoom, cov khoom uas kub hnyiab tau thaum raug dej, cov kua flammable, flammable solids, khoom lom, khoom corrosive thiab radioactive. cov khoom. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom no yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen, thiab oxygen, qee qhov yog cov hlau ua haujlwm lossis cov hlau tsis muaj zog, thiab qee qhov yog cov tshuaj lom inorganic lossis organic. Lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj sib txawv raws li lawv hom.

 

Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom ntim xa mus rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tau txais kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb, tshav kub, oxygen, acid, alkali, ntsev, kub thiab av noo, feem ntau suav nrog tshuaj stability, corrosiveness. , toxicity, flammability thiab explosiveness, thiab lwm yam.

(1)Chemical stability ntawm cov khoom Chemical stability yog hais txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom uas tsis nquag mus decomposition, oxidation los yog lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lwm yam. Kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov xwm txheej sab nraud thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, liab phosphorus hlawv thaum rhuab mus rau 160C, thaum daj phosphorus yog yooj yim oxidized thiab tuaj yeem hlawv ntawm 40C. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm carbon steel thiab stainless hlau yog hlau thiab carbon, tab sis lawv corrosion thiab hlau nplaum sib txawv heev.

(2)Toxicity ntawm cov khoom Toxicity yog hais txog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam chemically nrog qee cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev thiab rhuav tshem cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, uas tau muab faib ua cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom. Kev paub txog toxicity ntsig txog tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem.

(3)Corrosiveness ntawm cov khoom Corrosiveness ntawm cov khoom yog hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias tej yam khoom, thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kab mob nyob los yog hlau, yuav ua rau corrosive burns thiab xeb rau cov kab mob, los yog ua rau puas tsuaj hloov mus rau lwm yam khoom. Lub ntsiab ua rau corrosion yog kev sib cuag nrog acids, alkalis los yog ntsev.

(4)combustion thiab explosiveness ntawm lubbaklava ntim khoomkhoom. combustion yog oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm tshav kub thiab lub teeb. Muab faib ua plaub pawg: cov kua hluav taws xob, cov khoom tawg yooj yim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum hluav taws kub. Explosiveness yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas ib yam khoom tam sim ntawd hloov los ntawm cov khoom los yog kua hauv lub xeev gaseous, tso ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mechanical zog thiab ua suab nrov nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Raws li qhov ua rau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub cev tawg thiab tshuaj lom neeg tawg.

 

Cov pab pawg microbial yog complex thiab ntau haiv neeg, thiab tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: cellular thiab non-cellular. Cov kab mob uas muaj cov cell zoo li hu ua cellular microorganisms. Cov kab mob, pwm thiab cov poov xab hais ntawm no yog tag nrho cov cellular microorganisms. Raws li lawv cov qauv ntawm tes, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab mob prokaryotic (xws li cov kab mob) thiab cov kab mob eukaryotic (xws li pwm thiab cov poov xab).

(1)Cov kab mob Bacteria yog cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau yam kab mob hauv cov kab mob thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg. Lawv yog cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm microbiology. Lub morphology ntawm cov kab mob muaj ntau haiv neeg. Thaum ib puag ncig hloov pauv, morphology kuj hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ib puag ncig, ntau yam kab mob feem ntau tuav tau ib qho zoo. Cov kab mob muaj peb yam yooj yim cov duab: spherical, rod-puab thiab kauv-puab, uas yog hu ua cocci, bacilli thiab kauv kab mob feem.

(2)Pwm Mould tsis yog lub npe taxonomic, tab sis lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau qee cov kab mob fungi. Lawv yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv feem ntau ua rau pwm thiab mildew hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov khoom lag luam, khaub ncaws, khoom noj, cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom ntim, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub thiab ntim ntau lawm. Hais txog.

(3)Poov xab poov xab yog ib pawg ntawm ib leeg-celled eukaryotic microorganisms uas muaj ntau yam kev siv. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau ferment qhob cij thiab ua cawv txiv hmab, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cawv, glycerin, mannitol, organic acids, vitamins, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ntawm cov poov xab yog siab li ntau tshaj 50% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub hlwb thiab muaj cov amino acids tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev. Qee cov poov xab tuaj yeem siv los dewax roj av, txo qhov chaw khov ntawm cov roj av, thiab npaj cov nucleic acid thiab enzyme npaj.

Cov poov xab kuj feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg. Saprophytic poov xab tuaj yeem lwj zaub mov, textiles thiab lwm yam khoom siv raw. Ib tug me me ntawm hypertonic poov xab yuav lwj zib mu thiab jam; qee qhov tau dhau los ua cov kab mob phem hauv kev lag luam fermentation. Lawv haus cawv thiab txo kev tsim khoom; los yog tsim cov ntxhiab tsw phem, cuam tshuambaklava ntim khoom cov khoom. zoo. Qee cov poov xab tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob hauv tib neeg thiab cov nroj tsuag. Piv txwv li, Candida albicans tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, ua pa ua pa, plab hnyuv, thiab tso zis. Cryptococcus neoformans tuaj yeem ua rau mob meningitis, mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam poov xab loj hlob nyob rau hauv acidic ib puag ncig uas muaj suab thaj ntau, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, nectar thiab nplooj nplooj.

 

Blister ntim yog ib txoj kev ntim khoom uas ntim cov khoom ntim ntawm lub hlwv uas tsim los ntawm cov ntawv yas pob tshab thiab cov substrate (ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia, cov ntawv yas, cov ntawv txhuas lossis cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw).

Kev ntim khoom ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog muab cov khoom ntim rau ntawm lub substrate breathable ua los ntawm cardboard los yog yas los xij, npog nws nrog ib tug rhuab thiab softened yas zaj duab xis los yog ntawv, thiab ces khiav tawm los ntawm lub substrate kom nruj qhwv zaj duab xis los yog daim ntawv. Ib txoj kev ntim khoom uas tuav cov khoom thiab kaw lawv ib ncig ntawm lub substrate.

Ob txoj kev ntim khoom siv lub substrate ua lub hauv paus, tseem hu ua substrate ntim lossis daim npav ntim. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog tias lub ntim khoom muaj lub ntsej muag pob tshab, tso cai rau cov neeg siv kom pom tseeb qhov pom ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab cov lus qhia cov khoom tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm lub substrate kom yooj yim tso saib thiab siv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom ntim tau tsau ntawm daim ntawv zaj duab xis thiab cov substrate thiab tsis yooj yim puas thaum thauj thiab muag. Txoj kev ntim no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm cia, tab sis kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam thiab nthuav kev muag khoom. Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom ntim nrog cov duab nyuaj uas tsis muaj zog vim yog lub siab. Cov khoom xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntawv sau, cov cuab yeej kho vajtse me me thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, nrog rau cov khoom ua si, khoom plig, kho kom zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam khoom siv feem ntau muaj nyob hauv cov khw muag khoom thiab cov khw muag khoom.

Los ntawm kev xav ntawm ntim cov ntaub ntawv, ob txoj kev ntim khoom yog tib yam, tab sis lawv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntim khoom muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv.

1.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlwv ntim thiab ntim daim tawv nqaij

D. Feem ntau, lub ntim yog pob tshab kom cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom thiab tuaj yeem dai thiab nthuav tawm.

2.tuaj yeem ntim cov khoom nrog cov duab nyuaj thiab tuaj yeem ntim cov khoom hauv pawg lossis nrog ntau qhov chaw.

Sab nraud ntawm ntim, craftsmanship

3.Los ntawm cov duab ntawm lub substrate thiab exquisite printing, qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho.

@Piv nrog lwm tusbaklava ntim khoom cov txheej txheem, cov nqi ntim khoom ntau dua, kev siv zog ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev ntim khoom tsis zoo 2. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwv ntim thiab ntim cov tawv nqaij

D khoom tiv thaiv. Blister ntim muaj cov khoom thaiv thiab tuaj yeem ua lub tshuab nqus tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev haum tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav 2-pob kev ua haujlwm. Blister ntim yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev siv automation lossis sib dhos kab ntau lawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau hloov cov pwm. Nws yog tsim rau me me thiab loj ntim ntim ntau lawm. Kev ntim khoom ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav automation lossis sib dhos kab ntau lawm, thiab cov khoom siv tau qis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tas yuav hloov cov pwm thiab tsim nyog rau ntau yam thiab ntim ntim ntau lawm.

3 Ntim nqi. Cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom thiab cov khoom ntim khoom ntawm lub hnab ntim khoom ntim yog cov kim heev. Rau cov khoom loj thiab hnyav nrog cov khoom me me, tus nqi siab dua vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua pwm. Kev ntim cov tawv nqaij feem ntau pheej yig dua, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab kim dua hauv kev ntim khoom loj.

4.ntim nyhuv. Blister ntim yog qhov zoo nkauj dua thiab tuaj yeem ua kom tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Cov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij-fitting ntim yog me ntsis zuj zus vim yog lub qhov me me rau lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm lub substrate.

Yog li ntawd, blister ntim yog tsim rau cov khoom loj, cov khoom me me, thiab cov khoom uas tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom thaiv zoo. Kev ntim khoom ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tsim rau cov khoom me me nrog cov duab uas yooj yim puas thaum lub sij hawm ncig thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom thaiv.

 

Blister ntim yog thawj zaug siv rau kev ntim tshuaj. Txhawm rau kom kov yeej qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev noj tshuaj hauv cov iav fwj, lub raj mis yas thiab lwm lub raj mis, lub hnab ntim ntim tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1950 thiab tau siv dav. Tom qab kev tshawb fawb tob tob thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom ntim, cov txheej txheem thiab cov tshuab, nws tau ua tiav zoo ntawm kev ntim khoom, kev ua haujlwm nrawm thiab kev lag luam. Niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau kev ntim cov tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav thiab tshuaj suppositories, nws kuj tau siv dav hauv kev ntim khoom noj, khoom siv niaj hnub thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Blister ntim tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm ya raws, plua plav, paug, tub sab nyiag thiab kev puas tsuaj, txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm cia ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov pob tshab nrog cov lus qhia rau kev siv luam tawm ntawm lub substrate, muab kev yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom. Cov tshuaj yog ntim rau ntawm ib qho aluminium foil substrate raws li koob tshuaj. Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj, noj cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv raug luam tawm nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm daim ntawv txhuas. Nws yog hu ua PTP (nias los ntawm pob) ntim txawv teb chaws thiab hu ua xovxwm-los ntawm kev ntim khoom hauv Suav teb vim tias thaum noj nws, nws yog nias ntawm tes. Nrog rau cov hlwv, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug coj tawm los ntawm cov ntawv txhuas ntawm lub nraub qaum, lossis ncaj qha muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob. Qee yam khoom me me xws li cov cwj mem ballpoint, riam, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab lwm yam yog ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntim nrog cov duab los qhia. Lub nraub qaum tuaj yeem ua rau hauv hom dai thiab dai ntawm lub txee, uas yog qhov pom tseeb heev thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tshaj tawm, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev muag khoom.